Group 2: metals

• What charge do Group II metals form when they react?

  2+ ions
• Why does the atomic radius of Group II metals increase down the group?

  Due to additional electron shells
• How does electron shielding affect the reactivity of Group II metals?

  Increased electron shielding makes outer electrons easier to lose
• What happens to the first ionisation energy of Group II metals as you move down the group?

  It decreases
• Why do the melting points of Group II metals decrease down the group?

  Because larger ions create weaker attractive forces over greater distances
• What type of reaction occurs when Group II metals react with water?

  A redox reaction
• What products are formed when Group II metals react with water?

  A metal hydroxide and hydrogen

  
• What is the oxidation state of magnesium when it reacts with water?

  It is oxidized from 0 to +2

  
• How does magnesium react with steam compared to liquid water?

  It reacts much faster with steam due to extra energy
• What flame color is produced when magnesium burns in steam?

  Bright white flame
• What is the solubility trend of Group II hydroxides down the group?

  Solubility increases down the group
• Why is magnesium hydroxide used as an antacid?

  Because it is alkaline and can neutralize acids
• What is the solubility trend of Group II sulfates down the group?

  Solubility decreases down the group
• Why is barium sulfate useful in medicine?

  Because it is insoluble and cannot be absorbed into the blood
• What is barium chloride used for?

  As a test for sulfate ions
• What reaction does calcium oxide undergo to remove sulfur dioxide?

  It reacts to form calcium sulfite and water

  
• What are the key properties and trends of Group II metals?

  • Lose two electrons to form 2+ ions
  • Atomic radius increases down the group
  • Reactivity increases down the group due to electron shielding
  • First ionisation energy decreases down the group
  • Melting points decrease down the group
• What are the uses of Group II hydroxides and sulfates?

  • Magnesium hydroxide: used as an antacid and to neutralize acidic soils
  • Barium sulfate: used in medical imaging as it is insoluble
  • Barium chloride: used as a test for sulfate ions
• What are the applications of magnesium and calcium in industrial processes?

  • Magnesium: used in the extraction of titanium from titanium chloride
  • Calcium oxide: reacts with sulfur dioxide to remove it from pollutants