Key terms

• What does Operationalisation mean?


  Making key terms, IV's explicit and measurable
• What does independent variable mean?


  The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher.(Changed)
• What does Dependent Variable mean?


  The variable that is measured
• What does Null hypothesis mean?


  no difference between groups
• What is a Pilot Study?


  Small scales trial run of a specific research investigation in order to test out planned procedure.
• What is a Directional Hypothesis?


  Specific measurment
• What is a non-directional hypothesis?


  Non specific measurment
• What is a Demand Characteristics?


  Clues or cues that enable PPS to work out what is going on, and react to this. Behaviour is changed.
• What is a field experiment?


  An experiment that takes place in a natural setting within which the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect on the DV
• What is a lab experiment?


  Carried out in an artificial enviroment, IV is directly manipulated and PPS can randomly be allocated to conditions.
• What is a Natural Experiment?


  IV is naturally occuring
• What is a Quasi Experiment?


  Making use of a biological IV
• What is ecological validity?


  Does it apply to every day life
• What is Population validity?


  Capturing the demographic of the whole population
• What is Temporal validity?


  Is it sutible for the town (2024)
• What is randomisation?


  Design the researcher picks and the sampling method are considered investigator effects - so needs to be random.
• What are Confounding variables?


  A variable that ruins the experiment 'wreaking ball' (Being sick in the hot but not the cold enviroments)
• What are Extraneous variables?


  'Extra variables' They are a nuisance that happen in both variables. (External noise that distracts PPS)
• What are Investigator effects?


  Concious or unconcious characteristics of the experiement that impacts validity.
• What is Standardisation?


  Is it a fair test? Keeping everything the same exept the IV
• What is Replication?


  Being able to accurately repeat an experiment, and get the same results.
• What is Protection from psychological and physical harm?


  The safety and wellbeing of PPS must be protected at all times.
• What is Debriefing?


  After the experiment is complete particpants must be 'debreifed' and informed of the motivations for the experiment. If deception has been used the true aim must be revealied.
• What is Informed Consent?


  Participants must be told exactly what they will be doing and why they are doing it so they can provide fully 'informed' concent.

  If full infomed concent cannot be provided, there must be a full debriefing.
• What is Deception?


  Participants should not be decieved unless absoultely necessary.
• What is Right to Withdraw?


  Particiapnts should be free to leave the experiment at any time. They should be informed of this at the outset of the experiemnt.
• What is Confidentiality?


  Participants personal details must be kept confidential and they must remain anonymous in any reposts.
• What is Counterbalancing?


  Attempt to control order effects in repeated measures design - doing things at a different time. (Half of the group do cold enviroment before hot)