Reaction of metal aqua ions

• What happens to metal ions in water?

  They become hydrated with H₂O ligands
• Which metal aqua ions must be known for A-Level Chemistry?

  Iron(II), copper(II), iron(III), aluminium
• What do metal aqua ions form that helps identify them?

  Coloured precipitates
• How do metal ions in solution behave in terms of acidity?

  They are acidic
• Which metal ions form weaker acidic solutions?

  Iron(II) and copper(II)
• Which metal ions form stronger acidic solutions?

  Iron(III) and aluminium
• Why do 3+ ions dissociate more than 2+ ions?

  They have greater attractive power to OH^-
• What color precipitate does aluminium form?

  White precipitate
• What do metal ions react with to form a salt and water?

  Sodium hydroxide

  
• How can the formulas of precipitates be remembered?

  By the number of OH^- substituted
• What do these reactions do to the metal ions?

  They hydrolyse the metal ions

  
• What property does aluminium salt exhibit?

  It is amphoteric
• What happens when sodium hydroxide is added in excess to aluminium salt?

  It acts as an acid and hydrolyses further
• What do metal ions react with to form ammonium ions?

  Aqueous ammonia
• What occurs when ammonia is added in excess to copper(II) salt?

  It undergoes ligand substitution to form deep blue solution
• What do metal 2+ ions react with as acids?

  Sodium carbonate

  
• What do metal 3+ ions form when reacting with sodium carbonate?

  Salt, water, and carbon dioxide

  
• What type of reactions do all metal aqua ions undergo with Cl^- ions?

  Ligand substitution reactions
• What do metal aqua ions form with four Cl^- ligands?

  Tetrahedral ions
• When do metal aqua ions react to form tetrahedral ions?

  When they react with concentrated hydrochloric acid