Extra Help

• What are the statements about white blood cells? 


  -Cells with nucleus/ organelles

  -defend the body against foreign invaders

  -Produced by the white bone marrow or lymph nodes
• Average Blood volume for an adult


  5 liters
• What is hemoglobin 


  Gas carrying substance made up of heme pigment and iron
• where is hemoglobin found 


  in Red blood cells
• Where are red blood cells made


  In red bone marrow
• Where are White blood cells made 


  in white bone marrow or your lymph nodes
• Process of Blood Clots

  -Platelet ruptures against the jagged edges of a cut

  -Realese a chemical called thromboplastin

  -this chemical mixes with other substances in plasma: calcium, vitamin K and fibrinogen to make a sticky substance called FIBRIN
• What is necessary for blood clotting

  Platelets or Thrombocytes
• Red Blood Cells #1


  Only cells in the body without a nucleus
• Red Blood Cells #2


  Their only job is to carry oxygen
• Red Blood Cells #3

  Have a biconcave shave
• Red Blood Cells #4


  Have hemoglobin > gas carrying substance made up of heme-pigment and iron
• Red Blood Cells #5


  Produced from stem cells in your red bone marrow
• Red Blood Cells #6


  Live about 120 days and then sent to the liver for disposal
• Red Blood Cell #7 


  hemoglobin loves oxygen, only other gas to love oxygen more is carbon dioxide
• White Blood Cells #1


  Cells with nucleus/ organelles
• White Blood Cells #2


  Defend the body against foreign invaders
• White Blood Cells #3


  Produce antibodies - mark the invader for destruction + immobilize it
• White Blood Cells #4


  Phagocytosis > White blood cells ingest the foreign particle + digest it using lysosomes
• Blood Groups 


  -A protein called Anitgen on the surface of your red blood cells determines your blood type

  -it is inherited genetically from your parents

  -Your plasma is equipped with antibodies to target foreign red blood cells
• Type A


  Type A has antibodies against B blood - A is familiar, B is foreign)
• Type B 


  Type B has antibodies against A blood - B is familiar, A is foreign)
• Universal Donors and recipients 


  O negative are universal Donors, and AB positive are universal recipients
• What does foreign proteins in bloods result in 


  The antibodies attack the new blood and clump it (agglutination) = blood clots = blockages
• RH factor + Pregnancy 


  -If the mother is RH negative and the father is RH positive the baby could be RH positive

  -first pregnancy > RH blood from baby mixes with moms RH negative blood during delivery - mom will make antibodies against RH

  -second pregnancy > If second baby is also RH positive, moms RH antibodies cross the placenta and attack baby’s blood
• What is the function of blood


  Brings nutrients and oxygen to the rest of the body so they can keep working
• What would happen if you take blood out of someone on top of a mountain

  -Lower oxygen levels

  -thicker blood

  -potential dizziness/ fainting

  -Effect of dehydration

  -Faster Oxygen Desaturation
• What is blood doping


  When someone is injected with oxygenated blood to potentially increase their physical performance