ELEMENTS PROPERTIES

• What are the alkali metals in Group IA?


  Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• What is the flame color of sodium?


  Yellow
• What is the flame color of potassium?


  Violet
• Why is hydrogen considered the lightest element?


  Because it has the lowest atomic mass of all elements
• What are the properties of lithium?


  It has depressant and diuretic properties
• What is sodium's chemical symbol and its origin?


  Natrium, derived from nature
• Why is sodium used with caution in treating cardiac and renal conditions?


  Due to its fluid retention and osmotic effects
• What is the predominant intracellular cation?


  Potassium
• What condition can result from potassium deficiency?


  Hypokalemia, leading to muscle weakness
• What is cesium used for in industry?


  As a catalyst in the polymerization of resin-forming materials
• What are the coinage metals in Group IB?

  Cu, Au, Ag
• What is unique about copper among metals?


  It is the only reddish-colored metal
• What are the properties of copper salts?


  They are generally blue in color
• What is Wilson's disease?


  It is a condition of increased copper levels in the brain, liver, kidneys, and cornea
• What is the antidote for copper toxicity in Wilson's disease?


  Penicillamine
• What is the oligodynamic action of silver?


  It can inhibit the growth of microorganisms at a small concentration
• What is the antidote for silver toxicity (Argyria)?


  NSS, sodium thiosulfate, K ferricyanide
• What is gold's chemical symbol and its unique property?

  Aurum, it is soluble only in aqua regia
• What are the alkali earth metals in Group IIA?


  Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• What is the most toxic metal in Group IIA?


  Beryllium
• What is magnesium's role in the body?


  It is a natural calcium channel blocker and present in chlorophyll
• What is calcium's role in the body?


  It is a cation of hydroxyapatite and involved in blood coagulation
• What is the effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption?


  It is necessary for maximum absorption of calcium
• What is strontium used for?


  In red pyrotechnics
• What is radium known for?


  It is a radioactive element used in cancer chemotherapy
• What are the third transition metals in Group IIB?


  Zn, Cd, Hg
• What is the role of zinc in the body?


  It is present in insulin and has antiseptic properties
• What is cadmium's toxicity and its antidote?


  It causes Itai-itai disease; antidote is BAL
• What is mercury's natural source?


  Cinnabar (HgS)
• What is Minamata disease?


  It is caused by mercury poisoning
• What is the antidote for mercury poisoning?


  Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, BAL, penicillamine
• What are the elements in Group IIIA?


  B, Al, Ga, In, Tl
• What is aluminum's primary use?


  As a gastric antacid and antiperspirant
• What is the most abundant metal?

  Aluminum
• What are the elements in Group IVA?


  C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
• What are the two forms of carbon?


  Crystalline and amorphous
• What is activated charcoal used for?


  As a component of the universal antidote for poisoning
• What is silicosis?


  A lung condition resembling chronic TB caused by silicon exposure
• What is tin used for?


  In the manufacture of cans and utensils
• What is lead's toxicity and its antidote?


  It causes plumbism; antidote is EDTA, BAL