ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND SPECTRUM

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Electromagnetic Waves 
Are energy waves that have both electric and magnetic fields
How does an electromagnetic wave travel?
Electromagnetic wave can travel through a vacuum without a medium
What happens to electromagnetic waves when they pass through a medium?
It slows down when they pass a dense or solid medium
How is electromagnetic waves created?
It is created by charged particles that vibrate or oscillate
In electromagnetic waves what happens when an electron oscillates?
It releases both electric and magnetic fields
How does electromagnetic wave behave?
It acts as both particles and waves
What orientation does electromagnetic wave have?
The fields (magnetic and electric) are perpendicular to one another, which makes electromagnetic waves transverse waves
What is electromagnetic spectrum? 
An order by which electromagnetic waves are arranged
What is electromagnetic spectrum based on?
It is based on their wavelengths, energies, and frequencies
Who is Hans Christian Oersted? 
He is a danish physicist that found a current-carrying wire deflects a nearby magnetic needle, acting like a magnet
Who discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism? 
Hans Christian Oersted (1820)
Who is Andre-Marie Ampere? 
He formulated Ampere's Law or Electromagnetism that mathematically describes the magnetic force between two electrical currents
What did Ampere demonstrate? 
He demonstrated the magnetic effect based on the direction of the current
What did Ampere elucidate? 
He elucidated the relationship between electric current and magnetism and the behavior of electric currents in different conductors
Who is Michael Faraday? 
He discovered the electromagnetic induction on 1831
How did Faraday discover electromagnetic induction? 
By observing that when an electric current passed through one coil, a brief current was induced in a nearby coil
What is Electromagnetic Induction? 
electric current induced in a conductor due to the change in magnetic field.
Who is Joseph Henry? 
He worked with electromagnets
What did Joseph do with the electromagnets? 
He improved electromagnets by insulating the wire instead of the core, allowing more turns around the core and greatly increasing magnetic power
What did Joseph create?
He created an electromagnet that could support 2063 pounds (935.8 kgs)
What did Joseph Henry first observe? 
He became the first to observe the principle of self-induction
Who is James Clark Maxwell? 
He is the father of electromagnetic theory
What did Maxwell propose about Faraday's theory? 
He proposed that Faraday's theory could occur in empty space
What 2 key principles did Maxwell introduce? 
That changing electric fields generates a magnetic field and vice versa
What else did Maxwell theorize? 
He theorized that these fields continuously generate each other, forming, EM WAVES
He concluded that the speed of these waves is 3 x 10⁸ m/s
Who is Heinrich Hertz? 
He provided experimental proof of EM waves and their link to light
Terms in the components of Wave 
Wave - A disturbance in space
Crest - Highest point of a wave
Trough - Lowest point of a wave
Wavelength - The distance between two consecutive points of a wave
Amplitude - The distance between the midpoint of a wave and its extremes
Frequency - Number of waves produced in a second
Range - Limits or extent where variation is possible
How is Electromagnetic waves different?
Electromagnetic waves do not carry energy by causing matter to vibrate but it is the electric and magnetic fields that vibrate
EM waves can travel through a medium but unlike any other types of waves, they can also travel in a vacuum
What speed can EM waves travel? 
They can travel in a medium at a speed of 3 x 10⁸ m/s and is denoted as c
Speed of light is - 300,000,000 m/$
The speed is slightly slow in air, grass, glass and any other material
Terms in calculations
c - speed of light (3x10⁸ m/s)
Lambda - wavelength (m)
F - frequency (hz)
h - Planck's Constant (6.63 x 10 ^ -34 Js)
d - distance
t - time
v - speed of wave ( 3 x 10⁸ m/s)
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency in EM waves? 
Its relationship is inversely proportional since c is constant
What is the formula of speed of light? 
c = (lambda) f
What is the formula of energy in em waves?  
E = hf
What is the formula of distance in relation to time and speed? 
d = tv
Who discovered Radio Waves? 
Heinrich Hertz
Where can radio waves be found in the electromagnetic spectrum? 
it can be found on the leftmost end of em spectrum
What are the characteristics of Radio waves? 
They have the longest wavelengths, least energies and frequencies
How was radio waves produced?
It is created by electrons that vibrate in an antenna
How does a Radio wave travel? 
It can travel through empty space without needing a physical medium
What are some applications of Radio Waves? 
Radio and Television communications