SPOKEN

• What are the stages of language development?

  Pre-linguistic

  holophrastic

  two word

  telegraphic

  post telegraphic
• What is the pre-linguistic/babbling stage?

  up to around 12 months, the period between birth and the first word being spoken
• what is the vegetative stage?

  the first main vocal expression of a baby (0-4 months). They make noises to have their needs met
• what is pre-verbal?


  refers to anything that the baby does or says before meaningful words are used
• what is non-vocal?


  refers to behaviour that does not involve voice
• what are vocalisations?


  refer to sounds made using the voice but cannot be described as words
• what types of language interaction can help a baby during the pre-verbal stage?

  turn taking

  pointing

  daily routines
• What is cooing?


  4-7 months. use vowel sounds ‘a’ and ‘oo’

  They are practicing the movements of lips, palate and tongue that are required for proper speech
• what are protowords?


  intonation changes as babies attach meaning to expressive sounds, often accompanied with gestures
• what is babbling?

  6-12 months

  make more sounds and repeat sounds heard around them (vowel and consonant combinations) eg gaga which is known as reduplicated babbling
• what is the holophrastic stage?

  12-18 months

  where child utters first recognisable word, they build up their vocabulary of holophrases (single words to convey meaning) and also use body language, intonation and volume.

  Usually nouns said
• What is an overextension?

  Rescorla

  When a child uses a word for more than it applies to. Eg calling all animals dogs
• what is underextention?

  when the child is aware of a word but only apply it to one specific thing
• What did Katherine Nelson do?

  1973 study of 18 children’s first word and classified the first 50 words a child learns
• what were the categories of Nelsons research?

  Naming Things (ball, dog, mummy)

  actions / events (give, put)

  personal / social (yes, hi, no)

  modifying things (dirty, nice, more)
• What were Katherine Nelsons findings?

  largest group of words were nouns, second largest were those that expressed or demanded actions, then modifiers and personal and social words.

  First objects named tended to be small and easily handled by children