Milgram

• What does Milgram's study investigate regarding situational factors?

  It examines how situational factors affect conformity and obedience to authority.
• What are the three main situational factors identified in Milgram's study?

  Location, proximity, and uniform.
• How does location influence obedience according to Milgram's study?

  Obedience rates fall when the experiment is conducted in a less authoritative location.
• What is the effect of proximity on obedience in Milgram's experiment?

  Obedience decreases when the teacher and learner are in the same room.
• How does uniform affect obedience in Milgram's study?


  Uniforms can enhance perceived authority, leading to higher obedience rates.
• Who was Eichmann and what did he claim in court?

  Eichmann was Hitler's right-hand man who claimed he was "simply following orders."
• What was Milgram's initial belief about participants' behavior at 150V?

  Milgram initially believed very few participants would pass 150V.
• What does the "Agentic State" refer to in Milgram's experiment?


  It refers to a state where individuals feel they carry no responsibility for their actions.
• What was the obedience rate when the teacher and learner were in the same room?

  Obedience fell to 40% when they were in the same room.
• What happened to obedience rates when the teacher was not in the same room as the experimenter?

  Obedience fell to 21% when the teacher was not in the same room with the experimenter.
• What were the results of Milgram's obedience experiment regarding voltage levels?

  • 100% of participants shocked up to 300V
  • 65% of participants went to the full 450V
  • Milgram expected few to pass 150V
• How did the location of the experiment affect obedience rates?

  Obedience rates fell when the experiment was moved to a rundown office block.
• What were the findings of the Bushman study regarding uniforms and obedience?

  • 72% obeyed the police officer
  • 52% obeyed the beggar
  • 48% obeyed the businesswoman
• What was the behavior of Nazi Battalion 101 regarding obedience?

  Many opted to murder Jewish individuals, likely due to sadistic behavior or prejudice.
• What did Fromm believe about obedience in Milgram's experiment?

  Fromm believed obedience occurred due to the location of the experiment.
• What does historical validity refer to in the context of Milgram's experiment?

  It refers to the consistency of obedience levels across numerous studies over 24 years.
• What ethical concerns are raised by Milgram's experiment?

  • Lack of informed consent
  • Participants believed roles were random
  • Misled about the purpose of the experiment
  • Difficulty in withdrawing from the experiment
• What psychological harm might participants have experienced in Milgram's experiment?

  Participants may have experienced psychological harm due to acting against their personal values.