4.1 - Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

• What is Cellular respiration?


  an exothermic reaction which transfers energy from glucose and is continuously occurring in living cells
• How do organisms use their energy?


  - to build larger molecules from smaller molecules from smaller ones (Growth)

  - maintain body temperature

  - muscular contraction - so we can move
• Why is respiration an exothermic reaction?


  because it releases energy
• Which process in plants produces the glucose required for respiration?


  Photynthesis
• Examples of how cells use the energy from respiration.


  - To combine small molecules to make larger molecules

  - To break large molecules into smaller molecules

  - For muscle contraction

  - To maintain our body temperature

  - To move substances around the cell
• What is metabolism?


  sum of all chemical reactions in the body in order to maintain life
• What is glucose converted to during anaerobic respiration in animals?


  Lactic acid
• Chemical Equation for aerobic respiration in animals

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

  
• Word equation for aerobic respiration in animals


  glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

  
• Word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals


  glucose --> lactic acid
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?


  mitochondria
• Where does anaerobic respiration take place?


  cytoplasm
• When would anaerobic respiration take place?


  - Only when it has to

  - when your tissues cannot get enough oxygen required for aerobic respiration
• Why is aerobic respiration favored over anaerobic respiration?


  - In anaerobic respiration, there is incomplete break down of the glucose molecule as there is no oxygen to oxidise ---> not all energy unlocked

  - In anaerobic respiration, lactic acid builds up which then has to be removed
• Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi


  glucose --> Ethanol + carbon dioxide
• What are 3 ways that we take advantage of anaerobic respiration in yeast?


  - beer

  - wine

  - bread