Semi Solid, liquid and new drug Delivery

• What are semisolid dosage forms meant for?


  External application
• What do semisolid dosage forms contain?


  Active ingredients dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base and excipients
• What is another name for lotion?


  Magma
• What are lotions primarily used for?


  External use only
• What are lotions composed of?

  Suspensions of finely divided material in water
• How are lotions typically applied?

  Without friction rubbing to the affected area
• What is the purpose of lotions?

  To provide cooling, soothing, protective, and antiseptic action
• What is an emulsion?

  A biphasic liquid preparation containing two immiscible liquids
• What are the two phases in an emulsion?

  Continuous phase and dispersed phase
• What are liniments used for?

  External application to the skin
• How are liniments typically applied?

  With friction and rubbing of the skin
• What are the two types of liniments?

  Alcoholic and oily liniments
• Why are alcoholic liniments preferred?

  They penetrate the skin more readily
• What should liniments not be applied to?

  Bruised or broken skin
• What is the significance of particle size in non-oral suspensions?

  To avoid grittiness to the skin
• What are ointments primarily used for?

  Protective or emollient properties
• What are creams composed of?

  Opaque emulsion systems
• What are the two types of creams?

  Aqueous creams and oily creams
• How should creams be stored?

  In collapsible tubes and well-closed containers
• What are gels typically used for?

  Protective, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes
• What are pastes primarily used for?

  As antiseptic, protective, and soothing dressings
• How should pastes be stored?

  In containers that prevent absorption or diffusion
• What are suppositories used for?

  Rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear applications
• What is the weight range for rectal suppositories?

  1. 2 g
• What is the weight range for vaginal suppositories?

  1. 8 g
• What are urethral bougies shaped like?

  Thin pencil-shaped and pointed at one end
• What is the weight of male urethral bougies?

  4 g
• What is the weight of female urethral bougies?

  2 g
• What is the weight of nasal drops?

  1. 2 g
• What are aerosol sprays or foams?

  A liquid, powder, or foam contained in a canister released by air pressure
• What are some modern dosage forms?

  Implants, films & strips, liposome drug carriers, controlled drug delivery modules
• What are implants used for?

  To release drugs over prolonged periods
• What are films and strips used for?

  Topical application for slow release of drugs
• What are liposome drug carriers?

  Nanosized vesicular structures that transport drugs
• What is a liquid dosage form?

  A solution containing one or more soluble substances in a solvent
• What are the advantages of liquid dosage forms?

  Immediately available for absorption and convenient administration
• What are the disadvantages of liquid dosage forms?

  Less stable, faster incompatibility, and bulkier than solids
• What types of purified water are mentioned?

  Purified water USP, water for injection, sterile water for injection USP
• What are aromatic waters?

  Clear, saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils
• What are elixirs?

  Clear, sweetened, aromatic hydroalcoholic preparations for oral use