Complications of Fracture

• Fat Embolism


  Obstruction of Fat globules at the pulmonary capilaries
• Fat Embolism


  follows fracture of the long bones, e.g. lower extremities or multiple fractures; may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Fat Embolism

  CLASSIC SIGN: Petechiae in the chest
• Fat Embolism

  Acid-base imbalance: Respiratory Acidosis
• Fat Embolism

  Early Sign: Altered LOC due to hypoxia
• Hypovolemic Shock


  This is due to massive bleeding
• Compartment Syndrome


  This results from fractures of arms or legs where closed compartments are present
• Peroneal Nerve Palsy


  It follows fracture of the leg that results to footdrop
• Vascular Necrosis


  Decreased bone tissue perfusion leads to bone tissue death
• Vascular Necrosis

  Most COMMON: Neck of the femur
• Malunion


  May result from aging, infection, poor circulation, ineffective immobilization, inadequate  reduction, or poor health condition
• Compartment Syndrome Management:

  • Elevate extremity above the level of the heart to prevent further edema.
  • NOTIFY physician as compartment syndrome may cause tissue ischemia and necrosis.
  • Remove tight dressings or cast
  • Surgery: Fasciotomy with delayed primary closure of wound, 3 - 5 days after to allow edema of compartment to subside
• Fat Embolism Management:

  • Position: High Fowler's
  • DOC: Morphine
  • AVOID: Blood thinners
• Volkmann's contracture


  Deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist which occurs as a result of a trauma such as fractures, crush injuries, burns and arterial injuries.