Unit 2

• What is the location of the heart in the body?

  The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
• What is the apex of the heart?

  The apex is the bottom section of the heart, which is slightly pointed.
• What is the pericardium?

  The pericardium is a double membrane that surrounds the heart.
• What does the term 'cardiac' refer to?

  'Cardiac' relates to the heart.
• What is a coronary blood vessel?


  A coronary blood vessel supplies the heart muscle with blood.
• Why are the hearts of certain animals eaten in many countries?

  Because the heart is a muscle, it tastes like any other meat.
• What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

  The two upper chambers are called the atria.
• What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

  The lower chambers are called the ventricles.
• What is the function of the septum in the heart?

  The septum separates the left and right sides of the heart.
• What is the tricuspid valve?

  The tricuspid valve is a valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
• What is the bicuspid valve?

  The bicuspid valve is a valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• What are semilunar valves?

  Semilunar valves are found at the base of the two major arteries that carry blood away from the heart.
• What are the major blood vessels associated with the heart?

  The major blood vessels are the venae cavae, pulmonary veins, aorta, and pulmonary artery.
• What is the function of the heart valves?

  The heart valves ensure that blood flows in one direction through the heart.
• What are the two types of heart valves?

  The two types of heart valves are cuspid valves and semi-lunar valves.
• How do cuspid valves function?

  When blood flows from the atrium into the ventricle, the valve is pushed open and flattened against the heart wall.
• What happens when the ventricle contracts?

  As the ventricle contracts, blood is forced into the cusps, which trap the blood and close the valve.
• What are valve tendons?

  Valve tendons keep the cusps firmly in position, preventing blood from entering the atrium.
• What are semi-lunar valves also called?

  Semi-lunar valves are also called pocket valves.
• How do semi-lunar valves function?

  As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart, forcing the valves open.
• What is the cardiac cycle?

  The cardiac cycle is the cycle of events that occur during one heartbeat.
• What occurs during atrial systole?

  During atrial systole, the atria contract and push blood into the ventricles.
• What happens during ventricular systole?

  During ventricular systole, the ventricles contract and blood leaves the heart.
• What is diastole?

  Diastole is the phase of the heart cycle where the heart muscle relaxes and fills with blood.
• How does the cardiac cycle ensure efficient blood flow?

  The cardiac cycle ensures that blood flows in one direction through the heart.
• What sound is heard when a doctor listens to the heartbeat with a stethoscope?

  The sound is made as the heart valves open and close.
• What is the function of the left side of the heart?

  The left side of the heart contains oxygenated blood.
• What is the function of the right side of the heart?

  The right side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood.
• What is the duration of atrial systole?

  Atrial systole lasts for 0.1 seconds.
• What is the duration of ventricular systole?

  Ventricular systole lasts for 0.3 seconds.
• What is the duration of general diastole?

  General diastole lasts for 0.4 seconds.
• What happens to the cuspid valves during diastole?

  The cuspid valves are open during diastole.
• What happens to the pulmonary and aortic valves during diastole?

  The pulmonary and aortic valves close during diastole.