cell structure

• All living organisms are made of cells

  Cells are the building blocks of life
• Simple organisms have only one cell and

  are unicellular, e.g. bacteria.
• Other organisms have many cells

  working together and are multicellular,

  e.g. animals and plants.
• Cell structure of animal cell

  nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondrion
• Nucleus


  Controls cell activities
• Cytoplasm


  Site of chemical reactions
• Cell membrane


  Controls what substances can enter or exit the cell
• Cell structure of a plant cell

  Cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondrion, vacuole, chloroplast
• Chloroplast


  Contains chlorophyll which traps light

  energy to be used in photosynthesis
• Cell wall


  Made of cellulose and supports the

  structure of the cell
• Vacuole


  Stores water and solutes as a solution called “cell sap”
• Ribosomes are found in

  the cytoplasm or attached

  to structures called

  endoplasmic reticulum.
• Ribosomes are the site of

  protein synthesis.
• Mitochondria are involved

  in aerobic respiration, the

  chemical reaction that

  releases energy from

  glucose
• Yeast is a single celled

  fungus similar to plant

  and animal cells but has a

  cell wall made of a

  different material than

  plant cell walls.

  It reproduces by budding.
• Structure of a yeast cell


  cell membrane, nucleus, bud, vacuole, cytoplasm, starch grain, cell wall
• Bacteria are unicellular organisms.
• Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus

  but they do have a chromosome and

  plasmids (rings of DNA) which contain

  genetic information.
• Bacteria also have a cell wall (not made from

  cellulose)

  They reproduce by dividing in two.
• Structure of a bacterial cell

  cell membrane, Genetic information (DNA), plasmid, cytoplasm, cell wall
• Plasmid


  Additional circular DNA
• Plant cells have a

  cell wall that is

  made from

  cellulose
• Yeast/fungal

  cells have a cell

  wall but it is not

  made from

  cellulose
• Bacteria has a

  cell wall but it is

  not made from

  cellulose