The nervous system and the endocrine system

• What are the two main parts of the human nervous system?

  The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  To collect information, process it, and direct bodily organs and muscles
• How does the nervous system transmit messages?

  By transmitting electrochemical messages
• What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

  The brain and spinal cord
• What role does the spinal cord play in the CNS?

  It receives and transmits information to and from the brain and body
• What are sensory (afferent) neurons responsible for?

  Delivering information to the CNS
• What do motor (efferent) neurons do?

  Transmit information away from the CNS
• What does the somatic nervous system (SNS) control?

  Skeletal muscles
• How is the somatic nervous system characterized?

  It is a voluntary system under conscious control
• What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?


  Internal organs and glands
• How is the autonomic nervous system characterized?

  It is an involuntary system not under conscious control
• What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

  The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
• What is the function of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?

  It activates the fight-or-flight response
• What neurotransmitter is released by the sympathetic branch?

  Noradrenaline
• What happens to bodily functions during the fight-or-flight response?

  Heart rate and breathing increase, digestion stops
• What is the function of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?

  It activates rest and digestion
• What neurotransmitter is released by the parasympathetic branch?

  Acetylcholine
• What is homeostasis?

  A process by which the internal environment is maintained
• How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together?

  They regulate the internal environment by balancing each other's effects
• How many nerve cells are estimated to be in the human gut?

  About 100 million
• What are the main functions of the nervous system?

  • Collects information from the environment
  • Processes this information
  • Directs bodily organs and muscles
  • Transmits electrochemical messages
• What are the components of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Activates fight-or-flight response
  • Releases noradrenaline
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
  • Activates rest and digestion
  • Releases acetylcholine
• What is the relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in maintaining homeostasis?

  • They work together to regulate internal environment
  • Balance each other's effects
  • Maintain normal bodily functions
• The nervous system is responsible for controlling all bodily functions, including movement.
• The brain receives information from sensory receptors through nerves and processes it to produce appropriate responses.
• Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers that transmit electrical impulses between different parts of the body.
• Nerves carry electrical impulses throughout the body, allowing communication between different parts.
• The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• The spinal cord acts as a relay station for signals traveling up or down the spine.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes sensory neurons that carry signals into the CNS and motor neurons that carry signals out of the CNS to effectors such as muscles or glands.
• Sensory neurons receive stimuli from the external or internal environment and send signals to the CNS.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all other nerves outside the CNS.
• Interneurons connect neurons within the CNS and play a role in integrating and coordinating neural activity.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all nerves outside of the CNS.
• Sensory neurons detect stimuli such as touch or pain and send signals to the central nervous system (CNS) for processing.
• Interneurons connect neurons within the CNS and process information received from sensory neurons.
• Sensory neurons receive stimuli from external or internal sources and send them to the central nervous system (CNS).
• The PNS also has two divisions: somatic nervous system (SNS), which controls voluntary movements, and autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates involuntary processes like heart rate and breathing.
• The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system (CNS) with the rest of the body.
• What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

  To release hormones into the bloodstream for long-lasting effects