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intro biochem 2
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Cards (26)
What is the term for the region where electrons are found around an atom?
Electron cloud
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How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
By increasing
atomic mass
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Who developed the periodic table in 1969?
Mendeleev
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What is the periodic law?
Elements show similar properties at regular intervals
Arranged by increasing
atomic mass
/
number
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What defines the mass of an atom?
Atomic number
and
mass number
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How do we define an isotope?
An isotope is an atom with the same number of
protons
but different
mass numbers
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What is relative atomic mass (RAM)?
It is the
weighted average mass
of an
atom
compared to
1/12th
of
carbon-12
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How can we calculate RAM?
By taking the average of the
isotopes'
masses weighted by their
natural abundance
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What is molecular mass?
The sum of the
atomic masses
of all atoms in a molecule
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What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell of an atom?
2
electrons
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What is the
valency
of
hydrogen
?
1
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What happens when an atom loses an electron?
It becomes a positively charged
cation
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What is the significance of core electrons?
Core electrons do not form
chemical bonds
because they are more stable
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What is the difference between valence electrons and core electrons?
Valence electrons: outermost electrons, involved in
bonding
Core electrons: inner electrons, do not participate in bonding
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How does atomic size change across a period?
Atomic size decreases due to increasing
nuclear charge
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How does atomic size change down a group?
Atomic size increases due to additional
valence shells
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What is electronegativity?
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a
chemical bond
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How does electronegativity change across a period?
Electronegativity
increases
across a period
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How does electronegativity change down a group?
Electronegativity
decreases
down a group
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What is the valency of carbon?
4
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What is the structure of a stable methane molecule?
Carbon
combines with 4
hydrogen
atoms
Total of
8
electrons shared
Creates a stable, neutral molecule
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What are d-orbitals?
orbitals are regions where
valence electrons
occupy in
period 4 elements
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Which group of elements is likely to share electrons?
Group 18
elements
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What is the reactivity of elements in group 18?
They are unreactive due to having a
full outer shell
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Which groups of elements gain electrons easily?
Elements in groups
15-17
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Hydrogen bonding
occurs when an H atom
covalently
bound to one molecule forms a weak attraction with another electronegative atom such as
N
,
O
, or
F
.
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