Motivation

• Motivation


  The internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour
• Intrinsic motivation


  Directed, motivated or 'energised' behaviour that an individual has towards achieving a certain goal
• Intrinsic motivation


  • Involves our inner drives towards achieving a goal
  • Depends on extemal pressures + rewards that we perceive in our environment
  • Concerns intensity + direction of behaviour
• Intrinsic drive


  The drive from within a person to perform a task or activity for its own sake
• Intrinsic motivation


  • Good for performers of all experience
  • Success brings high level of personal satisfaction at all stages of learning
  • Helps to set goals which are personal to individual
  • Leads to long lasting results
  • Sustains interest
  • Continues participation
• Extrinsic motivation


  • The drive to perform a task / activity in order to achieve a tangible reward
  • Performance driven by extemal factors - medals, prizes, badges
  • Pressure from other people - please parents, not let a team down when you've lost interest
• Extrinsic rewards


  • Tangible - Physical (medals, trophies, certificates, prize money)
  • Intangible - Non-physical (praise, encouragement from coach)
• What is intrinsic motivation?

  "The drive from within a person to perform a task or activity for its own sake"
• What drives performance in intrinsic motivation?

  Performance is driven by the pursuit of personal satisfaction and challenge
• Give an example of intrinsic motivation.

  Climbing a mountain for personal reward
• How does intrinsic motivation affect goal setting?

  It helps the performer to set new goals which are personal to the individual
• What are the benefits of intrinsic motivation?

  • Good for performers of all experience levels
  • Success brings high personal satisfaction
  • Leads to long-lasting results
  • Helps sustain interest and participation
• What is extrinsic motivation?

  "The drive to perform a task or activity in order to achieve a tangible reward"
• What drives performance in extrinsic motivation?

  Performance is driven by external factors
• Give an example of extrinsic motivation.

  Taking part in a rugby tournament to win a trophy
• What are the types of rewards in extrinsic motivation?

  • Tangible rewards: Medals, trophies, certificates, prize money
  • Intangible rewards: Praise and encouragement from a coach
• What are the effects of extrinsic motivation?

  • Good for first-time performers at the cognitive stage of learning
  • Provides clear evidence of success through tangible rewards
  • Helps gain status within the peer group
  • Its effectiveness is usually short-lived
• Why does extrinsic motivation tend to lose impact?

  It tends to lose impact if the opportunity for reward is taken away
• Benefits of intrinsic feedback

  • Intrinsic rewards may be more ‘valuable’ with the individual taking part for their own gain/ benefit, i.e. satisfaction/ to win/ pride/ enjoyment
  • Intrinsic motivation may encourage lifelong participation/ be more long term
  • Intrinsic motivation is more self-sufficient
• Negatives of intrinsic feedback

  • intrinsic motives such as fun and enjoyment may disappear due / intrinsic motivators may not be enough to maintain the motivation to participate
  • A cognitive learner may find it difficult and not that enjoyable so may require more than just intrinsic motivation to keep them persisting in the learning.
• Benefits of extrinsic feedback

  • Extrinsic rewards may have more of a significant impact
  • Extrinsic rewards such as badges may be a very effective way to get children to start to learn a sport
  • Extrinsic rewards may improve confidence
• Negatives of extrinsic feedback

  • It has been suggested that extrinsic motivation may undermine/ not be as valuable as intrinsic motivators
  • Extrinsic motivation may not lead to long term participation/ may lose effect
  • If extrinsic rewards are removed motivation may decline
  • may be demotivating if you don't achieve the 'level' required for extrinsic reward
• Conclusions about motivation

  • The effect of different sources of motivation will differ for different individuals/ it is therefore hard to say one is better than the other
  • It depends on how much emphasis /importance is placed upon the reward/ affected by perception of reward
  • To increase the chances of continued participation/ performance there needs to be a balance between both types of motivation.