Akbar + Abu'l

• Who was probably the greatest of the conquering Mughal monarchs?

  Akbar
• What is Akbar best known for during his rule?

  The humane character of his rule
• What policy did Akbar adopt regarding religious diversity?

  He adopted a policy of religious tolerance
• What was the status of Hindus in Akbar's court?

  Hindus were allowed to serve at court
• How did Akbar demonstrate his interest in other religions?

  He tolerated Hindu practices and welcomed Christian views
• What action did Akbar take to put his policy of religious tolerance into practice?

  He took a Hindu princess as one of his wives
• How did the religious conflicts in Europe during Akbar's time contrast with his policies?

  Europeans were engaged in religious wars, while Akbar promoted tolerance
• Who filled the upper ranks of Akbar's government bureaucracy?

  Non-native Muslims
• What were zamindars in Akbar's administration?


  Local officials who kept a portion of taxes
• How were zamindars compensated for their work?

  They were given plots of farmland instead of salaries
• What was the impact of zamindars on local districts?

  Zamindars exercised considerable power in their districts
• What was the taxation rate for Indian peasants during the Akbar Era?

  About one-third of their annual harvest
• How did Akbar respond to bad weather affecting taxation?

  He reduced or suspended taxes
• What contributed to the prosperity of the Akbar Era?

  A long period of peace and political stability
• What types of goods were exported during the Akbar Era?

  Textiles, tropical food products, spices, and precious stones
• Who primarily handled foreign trade during the Akbar Era?

  Arab traders
• What language was Abu'l Fazl Allami's Ain-i-Akbari originally written in?

  Persian
• What does Ain-i-Akbari provide insight into?


  The reign of Emperor Akbar
• What qualities does the ideal ruler possess according to Ain-i-Akbari?

  High understanding and noble aspirations
• What is considered true greatness in the context of Ain-i-Akbari?

  Not shrinking from minutiae of business and performing duties
• What are the two key factors for the success of a ruler according to Ain-i-Akbari?

  Wisdom and a watchful eye
• How much was paid for the household in the thirty-ninth year of the Divine era?

  309,186,795 dams
• How many offices and workshops were there in Akbar's household?

  More than one hundred
• What is the significance of regulations in Akbar's administration?

  They are essential for establishing good government
• What are the main aspects of Akbar's rule and administration?

  • Policy of religious tolerance
  • Inclusion of Hindus in government
  • Use of zamindars for tax collection
  • Fair taxation practices
  • Flourishing trade and manufacturing
• What are the qualities of a good ruler according to Ain-i-Akbari?

  • High understanding and noble aspirations
  • Attention to both great and small matters
  • Wisdom and insight for regulations
  • Diligence and integrity in administration
• Who was probably the greatest of the conquering Mughal monarchs?

  Akbar
• What is Akbar best known for during his rule?

  The humane character of his rule
• What policy did Akbar adopt regarding religious diversity?

  He adopted a policy of religious tolerance
• How did Akbar demonstrate his policy of religious tolerance?

  By allowing Hindus to serve at court and marrying a Hindu princess
• How did Akbar's approach to religion contrast with Europe at the same time?

  While Akbar promoted tolerance, Europe was experiencing religious wars
• What was the composition of the upper ranks of Akbar's government bureaucracy?

  Filled with nonnative Muslims
• What role did zamindars play in Akbar's administration?

  Zamindars were local officials who collected taxes and managed land
• How were zamindars compensated for their work?

  They were given plots of farmland and kept a portion of the taxes
• What was the taxation rate for Indian peasants during Akbar's rule?

  About one-third of their annual harvest
• How did Akbar respond to bad weather affecting agriculture in the 1590s?

  He reduced or suspended taxes
• What were the economic conditions during the Akbar Era?


  There was a long period of peace and political stability, leading to flourishing trade and manufacturing
• What types of goods were exported from India during Akbar's reign?

  Textiles, tropical food products, spices, and precious stones
• Who primarily handled foreign trade during Akbar's era?

  Arab traders
• What is the title of the chronicle written by Abu'l-Fazl Allami about Akbar's court?

  Ain-i-Akbari