rio de janeiro

• what bay has Rio grown around

  Guanabara Bay
• what are the problems even after the Favela Bairro Project


  • budget of US $ 1 billion may not cover ever favela
  • newly built infrastructure is not being maintained
  • residences may lack the skills and resources to make repairs
  • more training is needed to improve literacy and employment
  • rents rise in the improved favelas which can make the poorest inhabitants even worse off
• what improvements have been made in Complexo de Alemao 


  • paved and formally named roads
  • access to water and drainage systems improved for sanitation
  • hillsides secured to prevent landslides
  • building of education, health and leisure facilities
  • cable car system
  • 100 % mortgages available
  • access to credit to allow inhabitants to buy materials for their homes
  • Pacifying Police Unit set up
• what is Rocinha 


  largest favela is Rio built on a steep hillside
• what are a result of the improvements in Rocinha 


  • 90% of houses built with brick, electricity, running water and sewage systems
  • many houses with Tvs and fridges
  • own newspaper and radio station
  • schools, health facilities and private university
• where have migrants come from that move to Rio and why?

  • other parts of Brazil
  • South American countries : Bolivia, Argentina
  • South Korea and China seeking business opportunities
  • USA And UK - the industry attracts skilled workers
• what are the four main zones of Rio

  • North zone
  • West zone
  • South zone
  • Centro
• what is the North Zone?


  • main industrial and port area
  • main airport
  • areas of favelas
• what is the South Zone ?


  • Rio's main tourist hotels and beaches e.g Copacabana
  • luxury and middle class flats - has the wealthiest district in the whole of South America
• what is Centro?


  • main shopping centre
  • Financial centre - has Brazil's largest mining and oil companies
• what is the West zone?


  • industrial area ( Campo Grande )
  • main Olympic stadiums
• what are the social challenges in Rio?

  • education
  • water supply
  • energy
  • health care
• what are the challenges to health care in Rio 


  • expensive
  • in 2013 only 55% of the city had a local family clinic
  • services for elderly people and pregnant were poor
• what is a solution that was used to improve the healthcare problems in rio

  • medical staff took medical kits into peoples homes and were able to detect twenty different diseases and treat them - Santa Marta
  • infant mortality fell and life expectancy increased
• what are the problems with education in Rio

  • 25% of the poorest people do not go to school
  • only half of all children continue education after 14
  • level of school enrolment in Rio is low
• how has access to education been improved in Rio


  • encouraged volunteers in school
  • giving school grants to poor families
  • opening a private university in the Rocinha favela
  • making money available to pay for free lessons in sport in Rocinha
• what are the challenges for water supply in Rio


  • 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access
  • 12% of Rio's population did not have access to running water
• what are the solutions to the problem of water supply in Ro

  • in the Olympic park 7 new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014
  • 300km of pipes were laid
  • by 2014, 95% of the population had a mains water supply
• how is unemployment a challenge in Rio


  • unemployment in the favelas can be over 20%
  • around one third of Rio's 3.5 million workers do not have a formal contract
• what are the opportunities to reduce unemployment in Rio


  • Schools of tomorrow project aims to improve education for young people
  • free childcare is provided for child parents so they can return to education
• what are the opportunities to reduce crime in Rio


  • 2013 Pacifying Police Unit - reclaim favelas from drug dealers
  • police have taken control of Complexo de Almeao and 30 other crime dominated Favelas
• how is crime a challenge in Rio


  • powerful gangs control drug trafficking
  • murder, carjacking, kidnapping occur regularly
• what are the environmental challenges in Rio


  • air pollution
  • water pollution
  • waste pollution
  • traffic congestion
• why is water pollution a problem in rio

  • many of the 55 rivers in the bay are polluted
  • over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into the bay each day
  • over 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters the bay each day
• why is waste pollution a problem in Rio?


  • most waste is dumped and polluted the water system
  • access is difficult for waste collection lorries due to the favelas being built on steep slopes
  • diseases such as cholera and encourages rats
• why is traffic congestion a problem in Rio?


  • no. of cars in Rio has grown by over 40% in the last decade
  • high crime levels - people prefer to travel by car
  • air pollution
• what are the solutions to traffic congestion in Rio?


  • new toll roads into the city
  • coast roads one way during rush hour
  • expansion to the Metro system under Guanabara bay
• what are the solutions to waste pollution?


  • Power plant set up near university of rio using bio gas
  • consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day
  • powers electricity for 1000 homes
• what are the solutions to water pollution?


  • 12 new sewage works built since 2004
  • ships are fined for discharging fuels illegally
  • 5km of new sewage pipes installed in badly polluted area
• what are the 5 challenges to squatter settlements 


  • crime
  • construction
  • services
  • health
  • unemployment
• why is crime a problem in squatter settlements ?


  • murder rate is 20 per 1000 people in most favelas
  • many inhabitants distrust the police
  • drug games dominate the favelas
• why is construction a problem in squatter settlements?

  • houses initially poorly built
  • favelas mostly built on steep slopes - heavy rain from storms can cause landslides - 2010- 224 people killed
  • limited road access
• why is unemployment a problem is squatter settlements ?


  • rates as high as 20%
  • average income less than £75 a month
• why is health a problem in squatter settlements ?

  • infant mortality rates as high as 50 per 100
  • waste in the street can cause diseases
  • occasional fires- smoke is harmful for health
• why are the services a problem in Rio?

  • sewages are open drains
  • non improved favelas (homes ) - 12% no running water - 30% no electricity and 50% no sewage collections
• effect of Olympics on favelas


  • 1000 people lost their homes
  • 3000 houses demolished for the games
  • 800 new houses built in Campo Grande
• what is Rocinha?

  the largest favela in south America
• What percent of households in Rio do not have access to running water?

  12%
• What is the bay in Rio?

  Guanabara bay
• What police unit has been placed in Rio?

  Pacifying police unit (UPP)