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SANDUGUAN
PHYSIO LEC
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Cards (153)
What is physiology concerned with?
Normal
functions
of living organisms and their parts
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How does the study of physiology help us?
It helps us understand the
meaning of life
, treat diseases, and cope with stress
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What is the basic unit of life?
The
cell
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How do cells function in relation to the organs they belong to?
Each cell
functions
according to the role of the organ where it belongs
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What nutrients can cells utilize for metabolism?
Oxygen
,
Amino Acids
,
Glucose
, and
Fatty Acids
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What waste products can cells remove from metabolism?
Carbon Dioxide
,
Uric Acid
, and
Creatine
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What systems provide nutrients to cells?
Musculo-skeletal system
Digestive system
Liver
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
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How does the digestive system aid in nutrient absorption?
By breaking down complex
substances
into simpler forms
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What is the process of breaking down starch into glucose called?
Digestion
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What does the liver do in relation to nutrients?
Converts
non-usable
substances into usable ones
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What role does the circulatory system play for cells?
It helps in the distribution of
substances
to different cells
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How does the respiratory system contribute to cellular function?
By taking in
oxygen
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What systems remove waste products from metabolism?
Respiratory system
Urinary system
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What is metabolism?
The sum of all
chemical processes
occurring inside the cell
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What does irritability and excitability refer to in cells?
The ability to respond to a
stimulus
and
transmit signals
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Which cells are known for their ability to reproduce?
Neurons
and
Cardiac Muscle Cells
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What is chemotaxis?
The movement toward or away from a
chemical
source
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What are the two types of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis
and
Phagocytosis
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What is pinocytosis?
Engulfment of smaller particles (
cell drinking
)
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What is phagocytosis?
Engulfment of larger particles (
cell eating
)
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Which cells are examples of phagocytic cells?
Neutrophils
,
Eosinophils
,
Basophils
,
Monocytes
, and
Macrophages
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What nutrients can the body take in?
Carbohydrates
(CHO)
Proteins
(CHON)
Fats
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What is the composition of a typical cell?
A
cell membrane
,
cytoplasm
, and
nucleus
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What is the cell membrane also called?
Plasma membrane
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What is the structure of the cell membrane composed of?
Proteins
and
lipids
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What is the function of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
It
serves
as
a
barrier
to
impede
movement
of
water
and
water-soluble
substances
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What is cytoplasm?
The clear fluid part of the cell containing
organelles
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What are organelles?
Highly organized structures suspended in the
cytoplasm
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What are the functions of mitochondria?
Known as the
powerhouse
of the cell
Generates energy (
ATP
) through cellular metabolism
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What are the functions of lysosomes?
Digestion of complex substances
Contain
hydrolytic enzymes
Known as "
suicide bags
" for destroying foreign bodies
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What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Granular ER
(Rough ER) - has
ribosomes
, synthesizes proteins
Agranular ER
(
Smooth ER
) - no ribosomes, synthesizes lipids
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What are peroxisomes?
Vesicles originating from
smooth ER
Contain oxidases that form
hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2)
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Works with
ER
to form
secretory vesicles
Composed of stacked layers of vesicles
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What is the nucleus known as?
The
control center
of the cell
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What does the nucleus contain that is crucial for protein synthesis?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)
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What is the role of genes in the nucleus?
They determine the characteristics of proteins formed during
synthesis
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What is the nucleolus responsible for?
Ribosome
formation
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What are the five protoplasmic contents of a cell?
Water
Ions
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
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What is the main fluid medium of the cell?
Water
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What ions are most abundant in the intracellular fluid?
Potassium
,
Magnesium
, and
Phosphate
ions
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See all 153 cards
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