Pre-Medieval

• What were Islamic hospitals like?

  They were funded by the wealthy and were situated in every large town. They were open to all and physicians were trained there. They had specialist wards for things such as mental and physical disorders along with a surgery pharmacy library and lecture rooms plus a chapel and mosque
• How else did Islamic physicians help medicine


  They preserved and translated the work of Greek physicians I.e Galen whilst organising the knowledge and saving it from being lost
• What was the main difference between Christian's and Islamic views on medicine


  Islamic scientists encouraged to discover cures whereas Christianity promoted that Galen was right and there was no need to question his findings
• What was the name of Avicenna,s book and why was it important


  The canon of medicine

  It provided Western Europe with over 700 drugs and medicine and advice on diagnosing diseases
• What did Hippocrates do 


  treated the body as a whole not in different parts.

  Believed in the importance of observing patients and noting symptoms

  Diet + Rest

  Published books to spread his ideas( Hippocratic collection)

  Came up with the Hippocratic oath for ethics of doctors

  came up with the theory of the 4 humours
• What was Hippocrates Short Term impact 


  • emphasis on observation and clinical practise over superstition and religious explanations
  • improved ethics in medicine
  • 4 humours theory was the first explanation for disease that was natural not supernatural
• What was Hippocrates impact in the long term 


  • Foundations of medical ethics ( Hippocratic oath still used to this day )
  • establishment of medical training, teaching and mentoring
  • considered the whole person including lifestyle + environment which laid the ground work for future holistic practises
  • 4 humours influenced medicine for 1500 years
• How was Hippocrates Limited 


  spread of is work ( no printing press)

  ethical constraints around dissection
• What were the 4 humours 


  black bile, yellow bile , phlegm , blood
• When and were did Hippocrates live 


  Ancient Greece 460-370 BC
• Who was Galen 


  lived in the roman empire and developed upon the ideas of Hippocrates

  he dissected animals

  and developed upon the 4 humours
• Galens's 5 b's


  • brain controlled speech
  • Blood travelled through arteries and veins
  • balance the 4 humours
  • body structure like an apes
  • books influenced medicine for over 1500 years
• What was Galens short term impact 


  dissection of animals led to new discoveries

  reinforced the theory of the 4 humours

  built upon Hippocrates ideas of clinical observation and teaching
• What was Galen long term effect 


  Galens work became the most influential for 1500 years to come

  education (teachings from his books )

  introduced dissection of animals
• How was Galen limited 


  ethical beliefs from the church disapproved of dissection especially human.

  his strong influence upon medicine led to a resistance to new ideas and methods for centuries
• Why was Galens work so influential


  Galen believed in there being only 1 god, this gained his support from the church who then taught his teachings,
• What did the Islamic religion encourage people to do 


  have good diet + hygiene

  care for the sick/ needy

  encouraged curiosity in medicine
• How else did Islamic teaching help medicine

  Islamic monks helped record and translate the work of Galen and Hippocrates
• Who Al-Razi 


  865-925 Islamic doctor who published over 50 books developing upon the ideas of Galen and Hippocrates

  stressed the need for careful observation and could distinguish between Measels and small pox
• Who was Ibn Sina 


  980-1037 encouraged experimentation and the importance of clean air + water

  produced a book called 'canon of medicine' with over 700 drugs and advice on diagnostics which influenced western Europe