gas !

• Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature and amount of substance, the volume of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
• Kinetic-Molecular Theory

  1. Gases consist of large numbers of

  molecules that are in continuous, random

  motion.

  2) The combined volume of all the molecules

  of the gas is negligible relative to the total

  volume in which the gas is contained.

  3) Attractive and repulsive forces between

  gas molecules are negligible.
• Kinetic-Molecular Theory

  4) Energy can be transferred between molecules during

  collisions, but the average kinetic energy of the

  molecules does not change with time, as long as the

  temperature of the gas remains constant

  5) The average kinetic energy of the molecules is

  proportional to the absolute temperature
• Kinetic molecular theory is 

  Speed of the molecules will increase when you increase the temperature 

  AND

  Speed of the molecules will reduce if the molecules molar mass is increased 
• ideal gas = low pressure and hight temp
• Kinetic Energy theory

  1. volume of individual particles is zero
  2. collision of particles with walls case pressure exerted by gas
  3. particles exert no forces on each other
  4. average kinetic energy directly related to kelvin temp of gas
• Boyle

  1. t constant
  2. p1v1=p2v2
  3. V and P are inverse
• Charles

  1. p constant
  2. v1/t1 = v2/t2
  3. high temp = high kinetic energy
  4. V and T are direct
• Gay - L

  1. v constant
  2. p1/t1=p2/t2
  3. P and T are direct
• Avogradros Law

  • n1/v1 = n2/v2
  • n1/p1=n2/p2
  • MOLES
• Density and Mm

  1. n=m/Mm
  2. Mm=mRT/PV
  3. m/v=d=PMm/RT
• STP (Standard temp and pressure)

  • P = 1atm
  • V = 22.4L
  • T = 273K or O C
  • 1 mol = 22.4L - at STP 1 mol of ANY gas occupies 22.4L
• Dalton

  • P total = p1 + p2 + p3
  • P1 = x times P total
  • x = mole fraction = moles of gas / total gas moles
• What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?


  The Ideal Gas Law is expressed as PV=nRT.
• How do you find the number of moles from a mass of gas?


  Convert grams to moles using the molar mass.

  • multiply the number of grams by 1 mole/molar mass. Likewise, to convert moles to grams, multiply the number of moles by molar mass/1 mole.
• What is the formula for calculating the density of a gas using the Ideal Gas Law?


  • Density (d) = P * M / (RT)
  • Where P = pressure, M = molecular mass, R = ideal gas constant, T = temperature
• What does the Kinetic-Molecular Theory state about gas molecules?


  Gases consist of large numbers of molecules in continuous, random motion.
• How does energy transfer occur among gas molecules during collisions?


  Energy can be transferred during collisions, but the average kinetic energy remains constant if temperature is constant.
• What is the relationship between average kinetic energy and absolute temperature?


  The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the absolute temperature.