[2.1] Shock

• shock

  • A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow.
  • This can damage multiple organs.
  • Requires immediate medical treatment and can get worse very rapidly.
• major classes of shock

  • cardiogenic
  • hypovolemic
  • anaphylactic
  • septic
  • neurogenic
• cardiogenic shock


  associated with heart problems
• hypovolemic shock


  caused by inadequate blood volume
• anaphylactic shock


  caused by an allergic reaction
• septic shock


  associated with infections
• neurogenic shock


  caused by damage to the nervous system
• causes of shock

  • heart problems
  • low blood volume
  • changes in blood vessels
  • certain medications that significantly reduce heart function or blood pressure
• signs and symptoms of shock

  • Anxiety or agitation/restlessness
  • Bluish lips and fingernails
  • Chest pain
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness, light-headedness, or faintness
  • Pale, cool, clammy skin
  • Low or no urine output
  • Profuse sweating, moist skin
  • Rapid but weak pulse
  • Shallow breathing
  • Unconsciousness