dynamic equilibrium

• What is a reversible reaction?

  A reversible reaction is one where products can react to form the original reactants.
• How can the direction of a reversible reaction be altered?

  By changing the reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, or concentration.
• What is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium?

  Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction.
• What is a closed system in the context of chemical reactions?

  A closed system is one where nothing is added or removed, and all reactants and products remain in the reaction vessel.
• Why is equilibrium only reached in a closed system?

  Because it prevents reactants and products from escaping, allowing continuous reaction.
• What is the Haber process used for?

  It is an industrial process used to produce ammonia for making fertilizers.
• Where are the sources of nitrogen and hydrogen for the Haber process?

  Nitrogen is extracted from the air, and hydrogen is obtained from natural gas.
• True or false: The process used to form ammonia is a reversible reaction that will never reach dynamic equilibrium.

  False
• What conditions are used for the Haber process?

  The conditions are 450°C temperature, 200 atm pressure, and an iron catalyst.
• Explain the effect of increasing the temperature of a reversible reaction if the forward reaction is endothermic.

  Increasing the temperature favors the forward reaction, shifting equilibrium towards the products.
• Explain the effect of increasing the pressure of a reversible gaseous reaction.

  An increase in pressure favors the reaction that produces the least number of molecules.
• Explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the yield of ammonia in the Haber process.

  Increasing the pressure shifts equilibrium to the right, increasing the yield of ammonia.
• What effect will increasing the concentration of reactants have on the equilibrium position in a reversible reaction?

  The equilibrium will shift to the right, increasing the product yield.
• If there are equal gaseous molecules of the reactant and product in a reversible reaction, what effect will changing the pressure have on the equilibrium position?

  There will be no effect on the equilibrium position.