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• Praise for children's ability is believed to be fixed at birth, while not praised can lead to them assuming they don't have the ability.
• Research from the 1998 Mueller and Dweck experiment supports this, and practical applications like teachers focusing on praise can encourage children.
• Weaknesses of the mindset theory include artificial settings and focusing on mindset problems instead of quality teaching.
• The study aimed to examine the ability of children to perceive the views of others.
• 100 children aged 4 - 12 were studied using a wooden doll, cardboard shapes, and a model of mountains.
• The children were asked to show how the model looked from different positions and place their view with the doll.
• The results showed that children aged 4 - 6.5 years chose pictures in their own view, even when asked about the doll showing egocentrism.
• By 7 - 9 years, children began to understand that others see the model differently.
• The study concluded that children up to 7 years were egocentric, and older children were non-egocentric, providing evidence for Piaget's stages of development.
• The qualitative data was rich in detail and reliable, while the experimental methods used were detailed and reliable.
• The study used objects that were not relatable to children and used the term stage incorrectly, as older children would show abilities of the next stage.