W4 - Citing using standard style

• Referencing

  how you acknowledge the information sources used in your work. It gives credit to authors you have consulted for their ideas.
• Two elements of referencing

  Citation - within the text of your assignment or paper indicating that a particular concept, phrase or idea has been sourced elsewhere. Reference list - giving the full citation details for all sources referred to in the document.
• Citation


  A specific source that you mention in the body of your paper. The way you tell the readers that certain material in your work come from another source. Gives the reader the information necessary to find that source again.
• Why is citation important?

  To avoid plagiarism which is against the student code of conduct or ethical standards. To assign proper authority to a statement(this adds weight to your paper). And to give details of a scholarly publication’s location, helping reader find it quickly.
• Citation styles

  APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian
• APA (American Psychological Association) style


  Is important for fields that prioritize recent research, such as psychology, education, and other social sciences. It uses an author-date format to help readers quickly identify the source's currency. Promotes clarity by emphasizing the date, which highlights the relevance of recent research.
• Typical format of APA style


  (Author's Last Name, Year) for in text citations with reference list at the end.
• MLA (Modern Language Association) Style


  Commonly used in the humanities, especially literature, language studies, and cultural studies. It focuses on author and page number in citations, which helps direct readers to the specific location of a quote or idea.
• Typical format of MLA style


  (Author's Last Name Page Number) for in-text citations, with a "Works Cited" list providing full source details.
• Chicago/Turabian style


  Supporting both a "Notes and Bibliography" system (used in the humanities) and an "Author-Date" system (used in sciences and social sciences). Suitable for a wide range of disciplines, accommodating detailed historical and archival research.
• Typical format of Chicago style


  Footnotes/endnotes or in-text citations (Author's Last Name Year), depending on the chosen system, with a bibliography listing all sources.
• Narrative citations


  the authors are part of the sentence - you are referring to them by name. Integral citation.
• Parenthetical citations


  the authors are not mentioned in the sentence, just the

  content of their work. Non integral citation
• Key formatting rules for reference list

  Entries are listed alphabetically by the last name of the first author.

  Use italics for book and journal titles.

  Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, and proper nouns.

  For works with multiple authors, use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name.
• Key formatting rules - title of page 


  The reference list starts on a new page.

  Center the title "References" (without quotation marks) at the top of the page.

  Do not use bold, italics, or underlining for the title.
• Key formatting rules - alphabetical order


  Arrange the references alphabetically by the last name of the first author.

  If there are multiple works by the same author, order them by the year of publication, with the earliest first.

  For works by the same author with the same publication year, add a letter (e.g., 2020a, 2020b) after the year.
• Key formatting rules - authors’ names


  Format names as: Last name, Initial(s). (e.g., Smith, J. L.)

  Use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name when there are multiple authors.
• Key formatting rules - publication date


  Place the year of publication in parentheses, followed by a period.

  For works without a date, use "(n.d.)" to indicate "no date."
• Key formatting rules - title


  Books and reports: Italicize the title and capitalize only the first word of the title, the first word of the subtitle, and proper nouns.

  Journal articles: Do not italicize the article title or use quotation marks. Capitalize only the first word of the title, the first word of the subtitle, and proper nouns. Journal name: Italicize the journal name and volume number. Capitalize all major words.
• Key formatting rules - DOI URL formatting, publisher info


  Format DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks, Do not include "Retrieved from" before a DOI or URL. Hyperlinks should be live (clickable) if submitting the document electronically. Include the publisher's name for books.

  Omit the publisher's location.

  If the author and publisher are the same, list the author as the publisher.
• What is the format for citing a book in APA style?

  Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). /Title of the book/. Publisher.
• How do you cite a journal article with a DOI in APA style?

  Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of the article. /Title of the Journal/, Volume(Issue), page range. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
• What is the citation format for a webpage with an author in APA style?

  Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of the web page. /Website Name/. URL
• How should a group author be cited in APA style?

  Organization Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL
• What is the format for citing a thesis or dissertation in APA style?

  Author, A. A. (Year). /Title of the thesis or dissertation/ (Publication number) [Type of thesis/dissertation, University Name]. Database Name.