the skeletal system

• What is the main function of the skeleton related to support?

  The skeleton provides a rigid bone frame for the rest of the body.
• How does the skeleton contribute to the shape of the body?

  Our shape is mainly due to our skeleton.
• What vital organs does the skeleton protect?

  The skeleton protects vital organs like the brain, heart, and lungs.
• Why is the toughness of bones important in sports?

  It allows for protection of vital organs, reducing injury risk during sports.
• How does the skull protect the brain?

  The skull acts as a hard barrier to shield the brain from impacts.
• What role do muscles play in movement related to the skeleton?

  Muscles, attached to bones by tendons, move bones at joints.
• Why is movement essential for sports performance?

  Movement is essential for good performance in sport.
• What do some bones contain that is crucial for blood production?

  Some bones contain bone marrow.
• What components of blood are made in the bone marrow?

  Bone marrow makes red and white blood cells.
• Why are red blood cells important during exercise?

  They transport the oxygen the muscles need to move.
• What are the main functions of the skeleton?

  • Support/shape: Rigid bone frame for the body
  • Protection: Shields vital organs (brain, heart, lungs)
  • Movement: Muscles move bones at joints
  • Making blood cells: Bone marrow produces blood components
  • Mineral storage: bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus which helps with bone strength.
• Types of bone:

  Long bones

  Short bones

  Irregular bones

  Flat bones
• Long bones are strong and are used by muscles to assist movement.

  E.g humerus In  the arm.
• Short support the weight of the body- they are weight bearing.

  E.g the tarsals in the foot.
• Irregular bones are suited to protection and muscle attachment.

  E.g the vertebrae of the spine.
• Flat bones protect internal organs. The broad surface also allows muscle attachment. E.g the ribs.
• Flat bones:

  Cranium - protect the brain

  Sternum and ribs - protect heart and lungs.

  Scapula - has many muscles attached to it, helping arm and shoulder movement.

  Pelvis - has many muscles attached to it, helping leg movement.
• Short bones:

  Carpals - form the wrist and give it stability allowing movement of the hand.

  Tarsals - bear the bodies  weight when on foot. In the ankle.
• The patella is the different type of bone -it's a sesamoid bone.  it protects the tendon that crosses the knee joint by stopping it rubbing against the femur.
• Long bones:

  Clavicle - forms part of shoulder joint , assists arm movement

  Humerus - move the whole arm.

  Ulna and radius - moves the lower arm.

  Femur - moves the whole leg.

  Fibula and tibia - moves the lower leg.

  Metacarpals - allows the hand to grip.

  Phalanges - moves and bends the fingers and toes.

  Metatarsals - move the foot.
• Structure of the vertebral column:

  Made up of irregular bones called vertebrae.

  Cervical - 7 vertebrae at the top of the spine.

  Thoracic - 12 vertebrate below the cervical region.

  Lumbar - 5 vertebrae below the thoracic region.

  Sacrum - 5 vertebrae fused together below the lumbar region.

  Coccyx - 4 vertebrae fused together at the bottom of the spine.
• example of a flat bone?

  rib
• explain how the cranium could protect a performer when taking part in sport?

  protect the brain if you got hit on the head by a ball
• explain the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?

  hold bones together at joints

  maintain stability of the skeleton

  helps prevent injury during joint movements
• one function of the skeleton is muscle attachment. explain how this function allows someone to do sports activity?

  the attachment of muscle to bone allows movement of the skeleton.

  allow the performer to perform perform joint movements necessary to partake in physical activity.
• how does the skeleton move?

  its moved by muscles which are attached to the bones via tendons. when muscles contract, the bones are pulled, causing them to move at joints.
• purposes of long and short bones?

  long bones are used for large movements, whereas short bones support the weight of the body and are used for smaller fine movements.
• three components of blood produced by bone marrow?

  platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells.
• where in the body is the clavicle?

  upper torso, near the humerus and scapula
• what flat bones in the chest protect the heart and lungs?

  the ribs and sternum
• where do dorsi-flexion and plantar flexion occur?

  the ankle
• difference between rotation and circumduction?

  Rotation: Turning around an axis. Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb.

  circumduction can take place at the shoulder.
• whats adduction?

  movement towards an imaginary centre line

  e.g. swinging a golf club
• what is mineral storage in the skeleton?

  bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus. this helps with bone strength and are needed for muscle contraction so the body can move.