Holistic VS Reductionism

• Reductionism is the idea that complex behaviours can be reduced to/ fully explained by looking at components at a lower level that make up that particular behaviour- simplifying behaviour without loosing the quality of the explanation behind it
• Holism is the idea that complex behaviours cannot be understood simply by studying their component parts, but rather need to be studied as whole systems.
• Biological reduction: all behaviours can be reduce to, and explained by, the biology of the organism at that given moment 
• Evolutionary reduction: behaviours can be explained solely by its adaptive value alone (through genes being expressed through the phenotype- very mechanical outlook)
• Behavioural reduction: idea that if a good outcome comes from an action we are more likely to repeat the action- previous experiences dictate the present
• Cognitive reduction:  behaviour can be fully reduced to our cognitions as an informational processing model 
• Environment reduction: all behaviour can be explained by the environmental circumstances impacting on someone at that moment