1.3

• Where were medieval towns typically built?

  Near water access
• What sources of water did medieval towns rely on?

  Local springs, wells, or rivers
• What technology was used for water supply in Exeter and London as populations grew?

  Wood and lead pipes
• Who maintained hygiene in medieval towns?

  Gong farmers
• How did gong farmers contribute to hygiene?

  They dug out cesspits annually
• What was done to keep streets outside wealthy homes clean?

  Servants swept and kept them clean
• What actions did town councils take regarding river pollution?

  They tried to prevent businesses from polluting rivers
• What was a common waste disposal method in medieval towns?

  Privies and cesspits
• What issue could occur with cesspits in medieval towns?

  Cesspits could leak into rivers and wells
• What could happen during heavy rain concerning cesspits?

  Cesspits could overflow
• How did monasteries manage their water supply?

  They had elaborate pipes to deliver water
• What was the purpose of the filter systems in monasteries?

  To deliver clean water to washbasins
• How did monks maintain hygiene?

  Through religious routines of cleanliness
• What facilities did monks have for washing clothes?

  Lavatoriums
• What waste management system did monasteries use?

  Privies and cesspits flushed by river water
• How did the Black Death affect public health?

  It was carried by rats and fleas
• What was the belief about the cause of illness during the Black Death?

  Miasma, or bad air
• What methods were used to treat the belief in miasma?

  Musket use and street cleaning
• What were some symptoms of the Black Death?

  Buboes, violent cough, vomited blood
• What would happen to the swelling caused by the Black Death?

  It would burst, releasing a foul stench
• What were the consequences of the Black Death on medieval society?

  It caused widespread death and fear