6.2.5

• Alkene to Alcohol

  H2O (g) Catalyst: Conc H3PO4
• Alcohol to Alkene

  conc. H2SO4 or conc. H3PO4
• Alkene to alkane

  H2, Nickel Catalyst
• Alkane to Haloalkane

  Br2, Cl2 UV light
• Alkene to Haloalkane

  HBr, HCl room temp
• Ketone to Alcohol

  NaBH4
• Aldehyde to Alcohol

  NaBH4
• Alcohol to Aldehyde

  K2Cr2O7/H+, If primary distil
• Alcohol to Ketone

  K2Cr2O7/H+, If secondary reflux
• Haloalkane to Alcohol

  KOH aqueous heat under reflux
• Alcohol to Haloalkane

  NaBr/H2SO4 Heat under reflux
• Haloalkane to Amine

  Alcoholic NH3 heat under pressure
• Haloalkane to Nitrile

  CN– and ethanol
• Nitrile to Amine

  H2/nickel catalyst
• Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

  K2Cr2O7/H+ heat under reflux
• Aldehyde to Hydroxy nitrile

  HCN + KCN
• Ketone to Hydroxy nitrile

  HCN + KCN
• Carboxylic acid to Ester

  Alcohol + H2SO4 heat
• Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride

  SOCl2
• Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

  H2O room temp
• Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

  Acid hydrolysis Heat with HCl
• Acyl Chloride to ester

  Alcohol room temp
• Alcohol to Ester

  Esters and amides can be hydrolysed by NaOH and acids
• Acyl Chloride to primary amide

  NH3 room temp
• Acyl Chloride to Secondary amide

  Primary amine room temp
• Amine to 2nd and 3rd amine

  Haloalkane
• Amine to secondary amide

  Acyl chloride room temp