macduff

• " he did command me to call timely on him, I have almost slipped the hour."

  • his dedication and loyalty to duncan contrasts macbeths, as he has just murdered him whereas macduff is always looking to please him and serve him, by doing his duty, which macbeth has not.
• "O horror horror horror"

  • the repetition of "horror" three times [rule of 3] emphasises how shaken macduff is, seeing his "gracious" King dead. highlights his loyalty and genuine care for duncan, making him a foil to macbeth.
• "what is a traitor?"

  "one that swears and lies"
• "everyone that does so is a traitor, and must be hanged"