Caregiver Infant

• What was the traditional view of childhood regarding a baby's role?

  A baby took a passive role, simply receiving care from an adult
• How do parent-child interactions resemble a dance?

  They are active and involve mutual responses between the infant and caregiver
• Why are early social interactions important for a child?

  They are crucial for a child's social development throughout their life
• What is reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions?

  • Reciprocity means two-way interaction.
  • It involves behaviors produced in response to each other.
  • Both infant and caregiver are active contributors.
• What does reciprocity tell us about the quality of interactions?

  It does not provide information about the quality of those interactions
• What is interactional synchrony?

  • It relates to the timing and pattern of interactions.
  • It involves rhythmic interactions and mutual focus.
  • It includes mirroring behaviors and emotions.
• How does interactional synchrony differ from reciprocity?

  Interactional synchrony is about being in tune emotionally, while reciprocity is about turn-taking
• What did Pasiak (2011) describe interactional synchrony as?

  A type of interaction where partners share a mutual focus and mirror each other's affect
• What are the two significant findings from Isabella et al (1991) regarding interactional synchrony?

  Good interactional synchrony leads to secure attachments, while unresponsive mothers lead to insecure attachments
• What are the implications of interactional synchrony for caregiver-infant interactions?

  • Interactional synchrony is a predictor of secure attachments.
  • Over-stimulation can lead to insecure attachments.
  • Reciprocity alone does not guarantee secure attachments.
• What did Meltzoff and Moore (1977) study in their research?

  They observed babies' responses to adult facial expressions and hand gestures
• What was the inter-observer reliability score in Meltzoff and Moore's study?

  All scores were greater than 0.92
• What does the research by Meltzoff and Moore suggest about reciprocity?

  It shows the existence of reciprocity from a very young age
• What is a strength of the research on caregiver-infant interactions?

  Most research uses controlled observations to ensure validity
• How do controlled observations enhance the validity of research findings?

  They allow for detailed recording of behavior without influencing the infants
• What is a weakness of Meltzoff and Moore's study regarding replicability?

  Some studies have failed to replicate their findings
• What did Marian et al (1996) find regarding infants' responses to interactions?

  Infants could not distinguish between live and videotaped interactions
• Why is research into caregiver-infant interactions considered socially sensitive?

  It suggests that mothers need to be present from birth for secure attachments
• What are the implications of interactional synchrony for working mothers?

  It may restrict opportunities for achieving interactional synchrony