Homeostatic Imbalances

• Cleft Palate - a failure of the bones forming the palate to fuse medially, resulting in breathing difficulty as well as problems with oral cavity functions
• Rhinitis - caused by cold viruses and various allergens, is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa
• Sinusitis - an inflammation to the sinus, difficult to treat and can cause marked changes in voice quality
• Tonsillitis - when the tonsil becomes inflamed and swollen, it obstructs the nasopharynx
• What tonsils in the nasopharynx became inflamed during a tonsillitis?

  Pharyngeal Tonsil
• Tracheostomy - surgically opening the trachea, done to provide an alternative route for air to reach lungs
• Pleurisy - an inflammation of the pleurae, can be caused by insufficient secretion of pleural fluid
• Atelectasis - a lung collapse, the lung is useless for ventilation; this phenomenon occurs when airs enter the pleural space through a chest wound
• Pneumothorax - air in the intrapleural space, pushes in on the lung, disrupting the fluid bond between the pleurae
• What are abnormal bronchial sounds?

  Crackle, Wheezing, Rales
• Hypoxia - is an impaired oxygen transport; inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues
• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - represent a unique type of hypoxia; is the leading cause of death from fire
• Carbon Monoxide - an odorless, colorless gas that competes vigorously with oxygen
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - the collective term of the group of respiratory diseases
• What does COPD means?

  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Chronic Bronchitis - the mucosa of the lower respiratory passages becomes severely inflamed and produces excessive mucus
• Pneumonia - are lung inflections
• Emphysema - the walls of some alveoli are destroyed, causing the remaining alveoli to be enlarged
• Chronic Bronchitis sometimes called "blue bloaters"
• Emphysema sometimes referred to as "pink puffers"
• Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) is a condition that causes babies to have difficulty breathing.
• Cystic Fibrosis - the most lethal genetic disease, causes oversecretion of a thick mucus that clogs the respiratory passages
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - apparently healthy infants stop breathing and die in their sleep
• Asthma - caused by chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that respond to many irritants
• Cyanosis - Blue or purple skin due to lack of oxygen
• Hemoptysis - Coughing up blood from the lungs