salts

• What is the chemical reaction represented in the study material?

  Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium to produce sodium chloride and water.
• What is a limiting factor in a chemical reaction?

  A limiting factor is a reactant that is completely consumed when the reaction stops.
• What happens when the limiting factor has reacted in a chemical reaction?

  The reaction stops when the limiting factor has reacted.
• What does "excess" refer to in a chemical reaction?

  Excess refers to having more reactant than is needed for the reaction.
• What is the characteristic of an endothermic reaction in terms of temperature change?

  • Temperature rises when the reaction finishes.
  • Energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
• What information can be represented in a graph of an endothermic reaction?


  • Mean temperature (°C) over time.
  • Volume of excess reactant added (cm³).
  • Point where the reaction finishes.
• The aim is to obtain dry crystals of copper sulphate
• What type of acid is mixed with powdered copper oxide?

  Concentrated sulphuric acid
• What reaction occurs when powdered copper oxide is mixed with concentrated sulphuric acid?

  A neutralisation reaction
• What is produced from the neutralisation reaction?

  A salt solution, copper sulphate
• How is excess copper oxide indicated in the reaction?

  By unreacted powder at the bottom
• What is the next step after adding excess copper oxide?

  Filter the solution
• How is the solution heated during the evaporation process?

  In an evaporating basin on a beaker of water
• What happens once the water has evaporated?

  Crystals are produced
• How are the crystals dried after evaporation?

  By placing them on filter paper