Respiration and exercise

• What are the two types of respiration mentioned in the study material?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Why is energy important in biology?

  It is needed for movement, maintaining body temperature, and chemical reactions
• What is the process that supplies energy in living cells?

  Cellular respiration
• What type of reaction is respiration classified as?

  Exothermic reaction
• What happens during aerobic respiration?

  Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• What is the chemical symbol for glucose?

  C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O$_2$
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO$_2$
• What happens when there is a shortage of oxygen in muscle cells?

  Muscle cells carry out anaerobic respiration
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Lactic acid
• How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration in terms of energy release?

  Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy than aerobic respiration
• Why is the oxidation of glucose incomplete in anaerobic respiration?

  Because anaerobic respiration does not fully oxidize glucose
• What is the product of anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast cells?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

  Fermentation
• How is fermentation useful in the production of alcoholic drinks?

  It produces ethanol, which is the alcohol in drinks
• What is the primary purpose of respiration in humans?

  To provide energy for movement, warmth, and chemical reactions
• How does fermentation contribute to bread making?

  Carbon dioxide produced creates bubbles that cause the dough to rise
• What are the two types of respiration mentioned?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid (in muscles) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast).
  • Aerobic releases a lot of energy; anaerobic releases much less energy.
• Why does the body need more energy during exercise?

  For muscle contraction and to meet increased energy demands
• What are the products of aerobic respiration?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Energy
• How does aerobic respiration change during exercise?

  Aerobic respiration increases to meet the higher energy demands
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  • Lactic acid
  • Energy
• What happens to the breathing rate and volume during exercise?

  Both the breathing rate and volume increase
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  • Ethanol
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Energy
• What is the significance of anaerobic respiration in yeast for food production?

  • Used in fermentation to produce alcoholic beverages.
  • Produces carbon dioxide for leavening in bread.
• What happens to the heart rate during exercise?

  The heart rate increases
• What problem can occur when exercising hard?

  Not enough oxygen can be supplied to the muscles
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in the muscles?

  Lactic acid
• What effect does lactic acid have on muscles during prolonged activity?

  It causes muscle fatigue and inefficient contraction
• What is the condition called when lactic acid accumulates in the muscles?

  Oxygen debt
• How is lactic acid removed from the muscles after exercise?

  It is transported out of the muscles by the blood
• Where is lactic acid taken after being transported out of the muscles?

  To the liver
• What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

  It is converted back to glucose
• What is required to react with and remove lactic acid from the cells?

  Oxygen
• Why do people continue to breathe rapidly after exercise?

  To supply extra oxygen needed to deal with the accumulated lactic acid
• What happens in the body during exercise?

  • Increased energy demand for muscle contraction
  • Increased aerobic respiration
  • Increased breathing rate and volume
  • Increased heart rate to pump oxygenated blood
  • Possible shift to anaerobic respiration if oxygen is insufficient
• What is oxygen debt and its significance?

  • Oxygen debt is the extra oxygen needed after exercise
  • It helps to remove accumulated lactic acid
  • It explains why breathing remains rapid post-exercise
• What is meant by metabolism?

  The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or the body