Efficinecy national grid

• What do all wires and cables have in terms of electrical properties?

  A small amount of resistance
• How does the resistance of a resistor compare to that of a wire?

  A resistor has a large resistance compared to a wire
• Why do charge carriers lose energy in a wire?

  Because resistance causes the wire to heat up
• What causes energy loss as heat in a conductor?

  Collisions between charge carriers and ions in the conductor
• What is the goal when designing wires in terms of resistance?

  To make resistance as low as possible
• What is the relationship between current and heat loss in a wire?

  Higher currents result in more energy lost to resistance
• How is power output of a component calculated?

  By multiplying current by potential difference
• What is the formula for power in terms of current and resistance?

  $P =$$i^2 \cdot R$
• What happens to the speed of electrons as the current increases?

  The electrons move faster
• What is the effect of faster-moving electrons in a wire?

  More collisions with ions occur, leading to more energy transferred
• What is a consequence of transporting electricity over long distances?

  Large amounts of energy can be lost
• Why do low resistance wires still lose heat when transporting electricity?

  Because they are active for a long time and involve long distances
• How does the National Grid reduce heat loss during electricity transportation?

  By using transformers to lower the current
• What does a transformer do in the context of electricity transportation?

  It changes the potential difference and current of alternating current
• How does transporting electricity at a large potential difference affect energy losses?

  It reduces energy losses as a lower current means less energy loss to resistance
• What are the key components of the National Grid's strategy to minimize energy loss?

  • Use of low resistance wires
  • Transport electricity at high potential difference
  • Use of transformers to lower current
• How can you apply the power loss equation in practical scenarios?

  • Use $P =$$i^2 \cdot R$ to calculate power loss
  • Understand that higher current leads to greater power loss
  • Recognize the importance of minimizing resistance in electrical systems