Section 1, chapter 3

• What was one of the pros of trading with Britain in the 1850s-1890s?

  Access to advanced manufactured goods
• How did access to British manufactured goods impact technological advancement?

  It allowed for rapid technological advancement and improved quality of life
• What was an example of a British manufactured good that helped modernize production methods?

  British steam engines and textile machinery
• What was a limitation of the influx of British goods on local industries?

  It led to the decline of local industries and created dependency on imports
• What was another pro of trading with Britain during this period?

  Market for raw materials and agricultural products
• How did Britain's industrial appetite affect countries rich in natural resources?

  It provided a stable and lucrative market, leading to economic growth
• What was an example of a country that benefited from Britain's market for raw materials?

  Egypt with its booming cotton exports
• What was a limitation of over-specialization in primary sector production?

  It made economies vulnerable to price fluctuations
• What was a third pro of trading with Britain?

  Investment in infrastructure
• How did British capital impact infrastructure in trading nations?

  It funded the construction of railways, ports, and telegraphs
• What is an example of infrastructure that was developed due to British investment?

  The Indian Railways
• What was a limitation of the infrastructure built during this period?

  It often served British commercial interests rather than national development
• What was one of the cons of trading with Britain in the 1850s-1890s?

  Economic dependency
• How did economic dependency affect nations trading with Britain?

  It led to a loss of economic autonomy and vulnerability to British policies
• How did some countries use their dependency on Britain positively?

  They developed their own industries and competed with Britain
• What was another con of trading with Britain related to trade agreements?

  Unequal trade terms
• How did Britain impose unfavorable trade agreements on weaker nations?

  By maintaining low tariffs on British goods while imposing high tariffs on imports
• What was a potential benefit of the unequal trade agreements imposed by Britain?

  They provided structured trade relationships and legal protections
• What was a third con of trading with Britain regarding local industries?

  Suppression of local industries
• How did the influx of cheap British goods affect local industries, particularly textiles?

  It outcompeted and suppressed local industries
• What was a positive outcome of competition from British goods for local industries?

  It sometimes spurred local innovation and efficiency improvements
• What is an example of a specialized product that remained competitive despite British competition?

  Kashmir shawls