Legislation

• How did the role of local and national government change during this period?

  The government shifted from a laissez-faire approach to a more direct involvement in public health.
• When were more men given the right to vote?

  Men were given the right to vote in 1832, 1867, and 1884.
• When did children begin to receive guaranteed education?

  Children began to receive guaranteed education in 1870.
• What was the main limitation of the Public Health Act of 1848?

  It did not force local councils to make changes
• Why did town leaders resist the changes proposed by the Public Health Act of 1848?

  They thought the changes would be too expensive
• What did the Sanitary Act of 1866 require local councils to do?

  Be responsible for sewers, water supply, and street cleaning
• What did the Public Health Act of 1875 require local councils to do?

  Take responsibility for cleaning up their towns
• What did the 1860 Adulteration of Food Act aim to prevent?

  Contamination of food
• What was the outcome of the 1860 Adulteration of Food Act?

  Only seven analysts were appointed
• How many miles of sewers were created in London due to Bazalgette's efforts?

  1,300 miles
• What was the impact of Bazalgette's sewage system on cholera outbreaks?

  It prevented the spread of waterborne diseases
• What did the Sanitary Act of 1866 define regarding overcrowding?

  It defined what overcrowding was
• What was the role of local authorities after the Sanitary Act of 1866?

  To provide fresh water, sewage, and waste disposal
• How did the 1875 Public Health Act differ from the 1848 Act?

  It was compulsory for local councils to make improvements
• What was the significance of the 1875 Artisans' Dwelling Act?

  It allowed councils to clear slums and build better homes
• What did the Women's Cooperative Guild campaign for?

  Improved maternity services, free school meals, better housing, and clean water
• How did the establishment of local authority housing in the 19th century impact public health?

  It provided better housing for the population
• What was the role of the Manchester Corporation in slum clearance?

  They began to demolish slums in 1885
• What was the purpose of the Thirlmere Dam opened in 1894?

  To provide fresh water to Manchester
• What were the key public health acts and their significance from 1848 to 1875?

  • 1848 Public Health Act: Established the General Board of Health, encouraged local councils to improve sanitation.
  • 1866 Sanitary Act: Made local councils responsible for sewers and water supply.
  • 1875 Public Health Act: Compulsory improvements, appointed medical officers and sanitary inspectors.