Making soluble salts from insoluble substances

• What is the purpose of indicators in solutions?

  Indicators are used to determine whether a solution is acidic or alkaline.
• What do acids produce when they react with metals, bases, and carbonates?

  Acids produce salts when they react with metals, bases, and carbonates.
• What is neutralisation in chemistry?

  Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base.
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• What is a soluble substance?

  A soluble substance is able to dissolve in a solvent.
• What is the definition of an acid?

  An acid is a substance producing more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
• What is an insoluble substance?

  An insoluble substance is unable to dissolve in a particular solvent.
• What is a reactant in a chemical reaction?

  A reactant is a substance that reacts together with another substance to form products during a chemical reaction.
• Which metals cannot be used to make salts with dilute acids?

  Copper cannot be used because it does not react with dilute acids.
• Why do chemists usually make salts by reacting a metal oxide or a metal carbonate with an acid?

  Because the reaction between metals and acids produces flammable hydrogen.
• What are some examples of salts produced by different combinations of insoluble reactants and acids?

  • Copper oxide + Hydrochloric acid = Copper chloride
  • Copper oxide + Sulfuric acid = Copper sulfate
  • Zinc carbonate + Nitric acid = Zinc nitrate
• What is the procedure to make a soluble salt from an acid and an insoluble reactant?

  1. Add powdered insoluble reactant to acid in a beaker, stirring to mix.
  2. Continue adding until in excess (unreacted powder remains).
  3. Filter to remove excess solid.
  4. Heat the solution in an evaporating dish.
  5. Stop heating when small crystals appear.
  6. Leave to form large crystals at room temperature.
• What does it mean for a substance to be in excess in a chemical reaction?

  A substance is in excess if there is more than enough of it to react with another reactant.
• What is a saturated solution?

  A saturated solution is unable to contain any more liquid.
• What should you do if you need to dry the crystals after forming them?

  You should dab them gently with filter paper.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and zinc oxide?

  The result is zinc sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc carbonate?

  The result is zinc chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and zinc carbonate?

  The result is zinc nitrate.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper oxide?

  The result is copper sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and copper oxide?

  The result is copper chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide?

  The result is aluminum sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and aluminum hydroxide?

  The result is aluminum chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and aluminum hydroxide?

  The result is aluminum nitrate.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and zinc carbonate?

  The result is zinc sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper carbonate?

  The result is copper sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and copper carbonate?

  The result is copper chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and copper carbonate?

  The result is copper nitrate.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum carbonate?

  The result is aluminum sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and aluminum carbonate?

  The result is aluminum chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and aluminum carbonate?

  The result is aluminum nitrate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc oxide?

  The result is zinc chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and zinc oxide?

  The result is zinc nitrate.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper hydroxide?

  The result is copper sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and copper hydroxide?

  The result is copper chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and copper hydroxide?

  The result is copper nitrate.
• What is the result of the reaction between sulfuric acid and zinc hydroxide?

  The result is zinc sulfate.
• What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc hydroxide?

  The result is zinc chloride.
• What is the result of the reaction between nitric acid and zinc hydroxide?

  The result is zinc nitrate.