chemistry of the atmosphere

• What is the main topic of the study material?

  Chemistry of the Atmosphere
• Why is it hard to gather evidence about the Earth's atmosphere over the years?

  Because it has changed a lot over a long time period (over 4.6 billion years)
• What are greenhouse gases and their role in the atmosphere?

  • Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour.
  • They act like an insulating layer in the atmosphere.
  • They help keep the Earth warm enough to support life.
• How do greenhouse gases interact with radiation from the sun?

  They absorb long wavelength radiation reflected off the Earth but not the incoming short wavelength radiation from the sun.
• What is a carbon footprint?

  A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released over the full life cycle of something.
• Why is measuring carbon footprints complicated?

  Because there are many different factors to consider throughout the life cycle of a product.
• What is one way to reduce carbon footprints mentioned in the material?

  Using renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels.
• What are some methods to reduce carbon footprints?

  • Use renewable energy sources or nuclear energy.
  • Implement more efficient processes to conserve energy.
  • Tax emissions from companies or individuals.
  • Cap emissions and sell licenses for emissions.
  • Capture CO₂ produced by burning fossil fuels.
• What challenges exist in making reductions to greenhouse gas emissions?

  Concerns about economic growth and the need for international agreements complicate reductions.
• Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

  It binds to haemoglobin in the blood, preventing oxygen transport.
• What gases are released when fossil fuels burn?

  Carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
• What happens during complete and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels?

  • Complete combustion: all fuel burns with plenty of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water vapour.
  • Incomplete combustion: not all fuel burns, producing particulates, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
• What are the environmental effects of particulates released during combustion?

  Particulates can cause respiratory problems and contribute to global dimming by reflecting sunlight.
• What is the main danger of carbon monoxide?

  It can prevent blood from carrying oxygen, leading to fainting, coma, or death.
• Why is carbon monoxide hard to detect?

  Because it has no color or smell.