obedience situational explainations

• What is the term used to describe the state where individuals feel they are acting on behalf of an authority figure?

  Agentic state
• Why do people enter an agentic state according to Milgram?

  They believe they are acting for someone else and do not take responsibility for their actions
• Who's trial sparked Stanley Milgram's interest in obedience?

  Adolf Eichmann
• What does the term 'autonomous state' refer to?

  A state where a person behaves according to their own principles and feels responsible for their actions
• What is the agentic shift?

  The transition from an autonomous state to an agentic state
• What are binding factors in the context of obedience?

  Aspects of the situation that allow a person to ignore or minimize the damaging effects of their behavior
• What did Milgram propose about the strategies individuals use to cope with moral strain?

  They shift responsibility to the victim or deny the damage they are causing
• How is authority structured in most societies?

  It is hierarchical, with certain positions holding authority over others
• What is one consequence of the legitimacy of authority?

  Some people are granted the power to punish others
• How do we learn to accept legitimate authority?

  From childhood, through parents, teachers, and adults
• What is destructive authority?

  When legitimate authority is used for harmful purposes
• How can Milgram's findings be applied to the My Lai massacre?

  They explain how soldiers obeyed orders to commit atrocities
• What did Milgram's studies reveal about participants' behavior when they perceived the experimenter as responsible?

  Participants acted normally as the experimenter's agent
• What limitation does the agentic shift have according to Hofling et al.'s study?

  It does not explain why nurses disobeyed orders from an unknown authority figure
• How does the behavior of German Reserve Police Battalion 101 challenge the agentic state explanation?

  They acted autonomously without direct orders to commit atrocities
• How does the legitimacy explanation account for cultural differences in obedience?

  It shows that different cultures have varying degrees of acceptance of authority
• What did Kilham and Mann (1974) find regarding Australian women's obedience in a Milgram-type study?

  Only 5% went all the way up to 450 volts
• What limitation exists regarding the legitimacy of authority in hierarchical structures?

  It cannot explain instances of disobedience in clear authority structures
• How do Rank and Jacobson's findings relate to the legitimacy of authority explanation?

  They show that nurses disobeyed a legitimate authority figure, challenging the explanation
• What was the purpose of the obedience survey mentioned in the study material?

  To understand factors influencing obedience to authority figures
• How many students were surveyed in the obedience study?

  200 students
• What is one strength of using questionnaires in research on obedience?

  They can gather data from a large number of participants
• What is one limitation of open questions in questionnaires?

  They can be difficult to analyze due to varied responses
• Give an example of a closed question.

  Do you obey authority figures? (Yes/No)
• Give an example of an open question.

  What factors influence your decision to obey authority figures?
• Calculate the percentage of completed questionnaires if 160 out of 200 were completed.

  $80\% =$$\frac{160}{200} \times 100$
• What are the key concepts related to obedience in the study material?

  • Agentic state: Acting on behalf of an authority figure
  • Autonomous state: Acting according to one's own principles
  • Agentic shift: Transition from autonomy to agency
  • Binding factors: Aspects that minimize moral strain
  • Legitimacy of authority: Acceptance of authority in a hierarchical structure
  • Destructive authority: Harmful use of legitimate authority
• What are the strengths and limitations of Milgram's agentic state explanation?

  Strengths:

  • Supported by Milgram's studies
  • Explains some instances of obedience

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Does not explain all obedience scenarios
  • Challenged by cases like German Reserve Police Battalion 101
• How do cultural differences impact obedience according to the study material?

  • Different cultures have varying degrees of acceptance of authority
  • Studies show significant differences in obedience rates across cultures
• What factors influence obedience and disobedience in individuals?

  • Perception of authority
  • Cultural background
  • Personal values and principles
  • Situational context
• What are the implications of the My Lai massacre in relation to obedience studies?

  • Illustrates the potential for destructive authority
  • Highlights the role of situational factors in obedience