Gram negative

Cards (100)

  • What type of flagella do Pseudomonas bacteria have?
    Polar flagella
  • What type of respiration do Pseudomonas bacteria perform?
    Aerobic respiration
  • In which part of the body do Pseudomonas bacteria flourish?
    In the lungs
  • What can Pseudomonas bacteria use instead of oxygen?
    Nitrogen
  • What is the primary bacterium responsible for infections in humans among Pseudomonas species?
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • What types of infections can Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in humans?
    Respiratory infections, bacteraemia, CNS infections, ear infections, eye infections, and bone and joint infections
  • What is Ralstonia solanacearum known for?
    Causing wilt diseases in cultivated plants
  • What is one use of Pseudomonas syringae?
    Ice nucleation to prevent frost damage
  • What disease does Burkholderia pseudomallei cause?
    Melioidosis
  • Where is Burkholderia pseudomallei commonly found?
    In soil, water, and rice paddies
  • What type of infection can melioidosis cause?
    Localized infection from a break in the skin or pulmonary infection
  • What is Burkholderia cepacia associated with?
    Cystic fibrosis infections
  • Where do Enterobacteriaceae typically inhabit?
    The gastrointestinal tract of hosts like humans, animals, and insects
  • What are common routes of infection for Enterobacteriaceae?
    Oral, via wounds, urinary tract, and respiratory tract
  • What diseases are commonly caused by Enterobacteriaceae?
    Diarrhoea, sepsis, urinary tract infections, CNS infections, and brain infections
  • What type of fermenter is Salmonella?
    Non-lactose fermenter
  • What test is Salmonella indole test result?
    Indole test negative
  • What does H2S production indicate in Salmonella?
    It indicates the ability to produce hydrogen sulfide
  • What is the role of T3SS in Salmonella?
    It transfers proteins from bacterial cytoplasm to host cells
  • What does SPI1 encode in Salmonella?
    Genes necessary for invasion of intestinal epithelial cells
  • What does SPI2 encode in Salmonella?
    Genes essential for intracellular replication and systemic infection
  • What are the symptoms of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi?
    Slow fever, rose spots, and mild bacteraemia
  • What is Salmonella enterica commonly known as?
    Salmonella enteritidis
  • What are the symptoms of non-typhoid salmonella infections?
    Diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps
  • What is the primary habitat of Escherichia coli?
    The mammalian gastrointestinal tract
  • What is Shiga toxin producing E. coli also known as?
    STEC
  • What is uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) commonly associated with?
    Urinary tract infections
  • Why are urinary tract infections more common in females?
    Due to a shorter urethra
  • What is the primary virulence factor of meningitis-associated E. coli (MNEC)?
    1. 1 antigen
  • What is the main cause of gastrointestinal infections by intestinal pathogenic E. coli (InPEC)?
    Transmission by infected food and water
  • What are the types of E. coli based on their pathogenicity?
    ETEC, EIEC, EAggEC, EPEC, EHEC/STEC
  • What is the most ancient cause of epidemics among Shigella species?
    1. dysenteriae
  • Which Shigella species is most frequent in developed world cases?
    1. flexneri
  • What is the first line treatment for Shigella infections?
    Fluoroquinolones
  • How is Shigella primarily spread?
    Faecal-oral and person-to-person spread
  • What is the typical age group affected by Yersinia enterocolitica?
    Most common in children around 7 years old
  • What type of plague is caused by Yersinia pestis?
    Pneumonic and bubonic plague
  • How does bubonic plague spread in the body?
    It is transported to regional lymph nodes
  • What is the transmission method for pneumonic plague?
    Transmitted in aerosols and highly contagious
  • What is the role of M cells in Yersinia infection?
    They help the bacteria cross the epithelial barrier