George Washington

• What were the years of the First Term of the Early National Period?

  1789-1793
• What were the years of the Second Term of the Early National Period?

  1793-1797
• What document consists of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution?

  Bill of Rights
• What do the first 9 amendments of the Bill of Rights do?

  They put limitations on Congress by forbidding infringement on certain rights.
• What does the 10th amendment of the Bill of Rights state?

  It reserves powers not expressly withheld from Congress or granted to the federal government to the states.
• What did the Judiciary Act establish?

  It set up the Supreme Court, District Courts, and Appeals Court.
• Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury?

  Alexander Hamilton
• Who was the first Secretary of State?

  Thomas Jefferson
• Who was the Secretary of War?

  General Henry Knox
• Who was the Attorney General?

  Edmund Randolph
• What were the three departments created by Congress during the Early National Period?

  • State
  • Treasury
  • War
• What were the two competing visions during the Early National Period?

  • Federalists
  • Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans)
• What were the main components of Hamilton's Economic Plan?

  • Funding the Debt
  • Assuming the Debt
  • National Bank
  • Tariff and Excise Tax
• What does "Assumption" refer to in Hamilton's Economic Plan?

  It refers to the federal government taking over and paying off state debts.
• What was the purpose of the National Bank (BUS) created by Hamilton?

  To deposit taxes, provide stable currency, and make loans to the national government.
• What is the purpose of a protective tariff?

  To stimulate industry by protecting domestic products from foreign competition.
• What was the excise tax on goods such as whiskey intended to do?

  To raise revenue for the federal government.
• How did Hamilton justify the creation of the national bank?

  By invoking the elastic clause of the Constitution, arguing it was 'necessary and proper'.
• What were the differing opinions over Hamilton's economic plan?

  • Federalists supported it.
  • Democratic-Republicans worried it gave too much power to the federal government.
  • Southern states disliked it as they had already paid off their debts.
• What was the Compromise of the capital proposed by Hamilton?

  To move the nation's capital from New York City to a new city on the Potomac (Washington D.C.) to appease the South.
• What were the features of the Federalist and Republican parties?

  Federalist Features:

  • Rule by the "best" people
  • Powerful central government
  • Loose interpretation of the Constitution
  • Pro-British

  
  

  Republican Features:

  • Rule by the informed masses
  • Weak central government
  • Strict interpretation of the Constitution
  • Pro-French
• What event challenged Washington's domestic policy in 1794?

  The Whiskey Rebellion
• What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?

  Farmers in Western Pennsylvania opposed the whiskey excise tax.
• How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?

  He called out the militias of three states and personally led the troops into Pennsylvania.
• What was the cost of the expedition to quell the Whiskey Rebellion?

  It was three years' worth of revenue from the whiskey tax.
• What were the similarities and differences between the Whiskey Rebellion and Shays' Rebellion?

  Similarities:

  • Both were protests against government policies.
  • Both involved farmers.

  
  

  Differences:

  • Whiskey Rebellion was against a specific tax; Shays' Rebellion was against economic injustices.
• What does the Constitution say about Native Americans?

  The Constitution does not explicitly mention Native Americans.
• What significant battle occurred in 1794 related to Native American policies?

  The Battle of Fallen Timbers
• What treaty was signed in 1795 following the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

  The Treaty of Greenville
• What were the main principles of Washington's foreign policy?

  • Neutrality
  • Isolationism
  • Temporary alliances
• What was the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793?

  It declared the United States would remain neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain.
• What was the purpose of Jay's Treaty in 1794?

  To settle conflict with Britain and establish American sovereignty over the Northwest.
• What did Jay's Treaty guarantee regarding pre-revolutionary debts?

  It guaranteed payment of pre-revolutionary debts by the U.S. government.
• What was the outcome of Pinckney's Treaty?

  Spain agreed to give up claims east of the Mississippi River and granted U.S. ships access to the port of New Orleans.
• What were the key warnings in Washington's Farewell Address?

  • Preserve the union
  • Warned against permanent alliances
  • Warned against political parties
• What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?

  It gave Congress the authority to create lower federal courts.
• What does the Supremacy Clause state?

  It reinforces that federal laws are the "supreme laws of the land."
• When was the Bill of Rights ratified?

  1791
• What were the precedents set by Washington's presidency?

  • Establishment of the Cabinet
  • Two-term tradition
  • Religious toleration
• What was one of Washington's final messages in his Farewell Address?

  No political parties