Chapter 9 Apush

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Created by
eric z

Cards (26)

  • AFTERMATH OF WAR
    • How would colonies now respond to freedom?
    • Huge difference of opinion: a closely united country or loose confederation of states?
    • All states wrote constitutions, very little consistency
  • AFTERMATH OF WAR
    • Problems:
    1.  States racked up large debts
    2.  Distrust of a central government
    3.  Strong state governments
    4.  No monetary credit with foreign nations (means no loans!)
  • AFTERMATH OF WAR
    • Advantages:
    1.  A functioning Congress
    2.  Ample resources
    3.  Firm desire to succeed
    4.  Foreign alliances (France)
  • ECONOMIC STATUS
    • Loyalist lands divided up
    • Ample lands→ economic opportunity promoted a greater sense of democracy
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Written largely by John Dickinson (PA)
    • Went into effect 1781
    • Controversy over western land claims
    • 6 states had no claims, 7 had large ones
    • States eventually surrendered lands 
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Did Not:
    1.  Have a president
    2.  Have a court system
    • Did:
    1. Have a Congress
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Did Not:
    1.  Have a president
    2.  Have a court system
    • Did:
    1. Have a Congress
    • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Congress could not:
    1.  Force states to contribute troops
    2.  Regulate trade
    3.  Enforce tax collection
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Congress could:
    1.  Request taxes/troops
    2.  Coin money, establish post offices
    3.  Handle affairs with Native Americans
    4.  Declare war, grant patents, weights and measures
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Land Ordinance (1785):
    1.  Gov’t surveyed 36 mile2 townships
    2.  Each 1 mile2= 640 acres (~$1/acre)
    3.  1 square for church, 1 square for school, 4 sections for gov’t in each township
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
    • Northwest Ordinance (1787):
    1.  Congress chose governor, judges
    2.  After 5000 people, temp. constitution & government formed
    3.  After 60,000 people, could write permanent constitution- apply for statehood
  • END OF ARTICLES 
    •  British refused to leave forts on Great Lakes (Amer. Debts not paid back, loyalists not compensated)
    •  Spanish shut down Miss. River to American trade in 1784
  • ANNAPOLIS CONVENTION
    •  Sept. 1786 5 states’ reps showed up
    •  Madison, Hamilton called for meeting
    •  1786-1787 Shays’s Rebellion prompted 12 to show up 1 year later
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  12 states (no RI) met at Carpenter’s Hall
    •  55 total delegates
    •  Occupations?
    •  Washington chosen to head the proceedings
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Debate:
    1.  Should Articles be amended or scrapped?
    2.  Most agree on new government
    **Several points of argument
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Hotly debated issues:
    1.  How states were to be represented
    2.  How slaves should be counted if at all
    3.  Should slave trade continue
    4.  Should people have direct access to all aspects of government
    5.  A federal district?
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Hotly debated issues:
    1.  How states were to be represented
    2.  How slaves should be counted if at all
    3.  Should slave trade continue
    4.  Should people have direct access to all aspects of government
    5.  A federal district?
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  State representation:
    1.  Small states wanted equal rep. (NJ Plan)
    2.  Big states wanted proportional (VA Plan)
    3.  “Great (CT) Compromise”- Roger Sherman
    -bicameral (2 house legislature)
    -upper house= Senate (Equal)
    -lower house= House of Reps. 
    (population)
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Slave representation
    • South wants them counted, North says ‘No’
    •  3/5 Compromise
    • Each slave would count as 3/5 of white person
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Slave trade
    • South wants it continued, North says ‘No’
    •  Slave trade compromise
    • Congress could shut off trade in 20 years (1807- Congress did)
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Ignorant masses voting?  NO WAY!
    • Electoral College
    • People vote indirectly for Pres. through electors chosen by state legislatures
    • No direct election of senators
  • PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION
    •  Federal district- 10 miles2 
    •  Location was debated
    •  States near it would have enhanced prestige
    •  Hamilton genius “debt assumption” plan
    • States transfer debts to federal gov’t
    • Capital moved outside of VA
  • THE BATTLE BEGINS
    •  “Federalists”- favored ratification
    • Tended to be wealthy, lived in East, better educated, organized, owned printing presses and newspapers
    • Would benefit from more order and central control
    • Washington, J. Adams, Hamilton, Franklin
  • THE BATTLE BEGINS
    •  “Anti-Federalists”- feared ratification
    • Tended to poorer, debtors, favored paper money, states’ rights supporters, 
    • Criticized aristocratic founders
    • S. Adams, Patrick Henry, Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee
  • THE BATTLE BEGINS
    •  “Federalist Papers”- J. Jay, Madison, Hamilton (“Publius”)
    • Defended central gov’t 
    • 85 essays to encourage ratification
    •  “Letters from a Federal Farmer”- R. H. Lee
    • Central gov’t was a danger!
  • RATIFICATION
    •  Federalists promised a list of peoples’ rights (“Bill of Rights”)
    • Bitter battles in VA, NY
    • Went into effect in 1789
    • Bill of Rights attached in 1791