Fundamentals of CDI

• What is the origin of the term "investigation"?

  The term comes from the Latin word "investigare".
• What does the Latin word "vestigium" mean?

  "Vestigium" means footprint.
• What does "Investigationem" refer to in the context of criminal investigation?

  "Investigationem" means "to inquire or to discover".
• What does investigation refer to?

  Investigation refers to searching into individuals or properties.
• How is investigation defined in terms of process?

  Investigation is the act of examining or inquiring to assert facts.
• What is the systematic process involved in investigation?

  It involves studying, tracking, and gathering factual information.
• What is the definition of criminal investigation?

  Criminal investigation is the collection and analysis of facts about a crime.
• What are the threefold aims of criminal investigation?

  To identify the guilty party, locate them, and provide admissible evidence.
• What are the six cardinal questions of criminal investigation?

  1. What specific offense has been committed?
  2. Where was the crime committed?
  3. When was it committed?
  4. Whom was it committed against?
  5. Why was it committed?
  6. How was it committed?
• What is the first step in starting a criminal investigation?

  State the problem to identify, locate, and arrest the perpetrator.
• What does forming a hypothesis involve in criminal investigation?

  It involves constructing an explanation based on motive, knowledge, and means.
• What is the purpose of observing and experimenting in criminal investigation?

  To check if the hypothesis is correct or incorrect.
• What is the general rule regarding investigation while a suspect is under arrest?

  A person arrested by warrant is not covered by criminal investigation.
• What is an exemption to the rule regarding investigation of arrested suspects?

  When the arrested person is held for a separate distinct criminal complaint.
• What does the term "at large" mean in a legal context?

  "At large" refers to a person not wanted by the law and cannot be arrested without a warrant.
• What are the three phases of criminal investigation?

  Identification, tracing, and gathering evidence of the criminal.
• What is one of the goals of criminal investigation?

  To determine whether a crime has been committed.
• What is the reactive mode of investigation?

  It addresses crimes that have already occurred.
• What is the proactive mode of investigation?

  It identifies and arrests suspects before a crime occurs.
• How is criminal investigation considered a science?

  It involves the application of forensic science to identify and evaluate evidence.
• What is the principle of individuality in dactyloscopy?

  No two persons have exactly the same fingerprints.
• What does Locard's principle state?

  Every contact leaves a trace.
• What is the role of physical evidence in criminal investigation?

  Physical evidence cannot be wrong and serves as factual evidence.
• Why is criminal investigation considered an art?

  Because it often relies on intuition and creativity rather than rigid rules.
• What are the three governing factors of investigative activities considered as an art?

  Intuition, felicity, and chance.
• What does Hans Gross mean by saying criminal investigation is 95% perspiration?

  Investigators must exert 100% effort and not rely solely on inspiration or luck.
• What are the major steps in criminal investigation as a process?

  1. Recognition: Identifying relevant data.
  2. Collection: Gathering significant facts.
  3. Preservation: Keeping evidence in original form.
  4. Evaluation: Determining the probative value of evidence.
  5. Presentation: Presenting facts in court.
• Who is a criminal investigator?

  A criminal investigator is a person who performs an investigation.
• What is the role of a criminal investigator?

  To determine if a crime has been committed and gather evidence.
• What are the characteristics of a competent criminal investigator?

  1. Perseverance
  2. Endurance
  3. Honesty and integrity
  4. Intelligence and wisdom of solomon
  5. Communication skills
  6. Observation and description
  7. Courage
  8. Knowledge of laws
  9. Technical knowledge

  10. Ability to read between the lines
• What does perseverance mean in the context of a criminal investigator?

  Perseverance refers to steadfastness and persistence in overcoming obstacles.
• Why is endurance important for a criminal investigator?

  Endurance is necessary for lasting physically and mentally during investigations.
• What does incorruptible honesty and integrity refer to in a criminal investigator?

  It refers to the investigator's ability to resist temptations that could affect the investigation.
• Why is intelligence and wisdom important for a criminal investigator?

  It helps the investigator differentiate between falsehood and truth.
• What does the ability to "read between the lines" mean for a criminal investigator?

  It means interpreting statements to understand their deeper meaning.
• What is the significance of oral and written communication for a criminal investigator?

  It is essential for accurately gathering facts and preparing reports.
• Why is observation and description important for a criminal investigator?

  A keen observer can accurately describe crime scenes and conduct interviews.
• What does courage mean for a criminal investigator?

  Courage is the moral fortitude to tell the truth regardless of consequences.
• Why is knowledge of laws important for a criminal investigator?

  It helps the investigator understand legal matters concerning investigations.
• What are the most desired characteristics of a competent criminal investigator according to the National Institute of Justice?

  Positively motivated, psychologically and emotionally stable, intuitive, stable, discreet, street-smart or judicious, team-player, persistent, reliable, w/ integrity, and intelligent.