Communication, Consent & Case History

• What is the focus of the document "Communication, consent & case history"?

  Communication, consent, and case history
• What are the main components covered in the document?

  • Overview of communication
  • Types of communication
  • Communication with children of different ages
  • Barriers to communication
  • Overcoming barriers
  • Effective communication
  • Consent
  • Case history
• What is the definition of communication?

  The exchange of information between people
• What does context refer to in communication?

  The circumstances in which an event occurs
• What are interpersonal skills?

  Skills that enable us to interact with another person
• What is verbal communication?

  Speaking and listening
• What is non-verbal communication?

  Communication without speech
• What is written communication?

  Signs and symbols – pictures and visual communication
• What is informal communication?

  Speaking with friends or family
• What is formal communication?

  Information shared in a professional way
• Who uses British Sign Language to communicate?

  The Deaf community
• What is Makaton?

  A method based on BSL used in conjunction with speech and symbols
• What is Braille?

  A tactile writing system
• Who may use Braille to communicate?

  Visually impaired individuals
• Why are good communication skills vital in healthcare?

  • Develop positive relationships with patients, carers, and colleagues
  • Share information effectively
  • Improve quality of patient care
  • Reduce costs
• What should you consider when communicating with children?

  Adapt your approach based on the child's age and abilities
• What is the importance of initial contact with a child in a healthcare setting?

  It sets the scene for future professional relationships
• What is crucial when communicating with children and parents/carers?

  Gaining trust and cooperation as early as possible
• How should you communicate with pre-verbal children?

  Rely on non-verbal communication and respond to parental anxiety
• What communication tips are effective for older infants?

  Speak in a higher pitch and maintain eye contact
• What is required for an individual undergoing treatment to give consent?

  The individual must have legal capacity and competence.
• What conditions may impair a person's ability to make decisions?

  Mental health conditions, severe learning disabilities, and brain damage.
• Who can give consent for children under the age of 16 in Scotland?

  A child capable of understanding the treatment may give valid consent.
• What details should be checked during a case history?

  Check name, address, date of birth, and age.
• What should be assessed in family history?

  Strabismus, refractive error, and severe visual defects.
• What should be included in the previous ocular history?

  Attendance at optometrist, conditions, treatments, and follow-ups.
• What aspects of birth history are important to note?

  Mother's health, type of delivery, and any complications.
• What is important to note in general health and medical history?

  General development, significant illness, and current medications.
• What should be included in the previous ocular history for adults?

  Attendance at optometrist, conditions, treatments, and follow-ups.
• How do adults typically present symptoms compared to children?

  Adults are more likely to present with symptoms, particularly diplopia.
• What is an example of a case history for a child?

  A child, male, aged 8, referred for headaches and blurred vision.