Introduction

• What does the term 'normal' refer to in the context of the study material?

  It refers to the use of both eyes simultaneously contributing to a common single perception
• What is strabismus commonly known as?

  Squint
• What is the consequence of strabismus mentioned in the study material?

  It can lead to diplopia, or double vision
• What is the function of the pupil in the eye?

  It regulates the amount of light entering the eye
• What is the role of the fovea in the retina?

  It is the point of greatest visual acuity and color perception
• What are the two angles discussed in relation to the fovea?

  Angle Alpha and Angle Kappa
• What does Angle Kappa represent?

  It is the angle between the visual axis and the pupillary axis
• What is the visual pathway in the eye?

  It includes the lens, retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, and visual cortex
• How many extraocular muscles are there per eye?

  Six muscles
• What is the main action of the lateral rectus muscle?

  It abducts the eye
• What is binocular single vision?

  It is the ability to use both eyes simultaneously to see one single image
• What is stereopsis?

  It is the appreciation of 3D vision
• What does accommodation refer to in the context of vision?

  It is the ability of the optical system to change its refractive power to focus on objects at different distances
• What is amblyopia?

  Reduced visual acuity not resulting from any pathology and not improved by correcting refractive error
• What is the difference between manifest and latent strabismus?

  Manifest strabismus is apparent, while latent strabismus is only seen when the eyes are not used together
• What is the purpose of amblyopia treatment?

  To improve vision by reducing the vision entering the good eye
• What is one method used to treat amblyopia?

  Using an eye patch on the good eye
• What role do prisms play in eye treatment?

  They are used to change the angle at which light enters the eye
• What is a common issue that can affect eye movements?

  Muscles or their nerve supply may be affected
• Why is communication with patients important in eye care?

  It builds confidence and professionalism
• What are the main components of the eye's anatomy discussed in the study material?

  • Pupil
  • Limbus
  • Iris
  • Lacrimal Caruncle
  • Sclera
  • Cornea
  • Retina
  • Macula
  • Fovea
  • Optic disc/nerve head
• What are the main actions of the extraocular muscles?

  • Lateral Rectus: abducts
  • Medial Rectus: adducts
  • Superior Rectus: elevates
  • Inferior Rectus: depresses
  • Superior Oblique: depresses/intorts
  • Inferior Oblique: elevates/extorts
• What are the consequences of strabismus?

  • Diplopia: double vision
  • Suppression: mental inhibition of one eye's image
  • Loss of stereopsis: loss of 3D vision
  • Amblyopia: reduced visual acuity not due to pathology
• What are the types of strabismus and their characteristics?

  • Manifest: deviation is apparent
  • Latent: deviation seen only when eyes are not used together
• What are the treatment options for amblyopia?

  • Eye patching or eye drops to reduce vision in the good eye
  • Glasses to correct refractive error
  • Exercises for affected muscles
  • Prisms to adjust light entry angle
  • Surgery to rebalance eye position