lecture 4

• What are the layers of the superficial fascia in the antero-lateral abdominal wall?


  Camper's fascia (fatty layer) and Scarpa's fascia (membranous layer).
• What nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the antero-lateral abdominal wall?


  Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve (both L1).
• What are the key arteries supplying the antero-lateral abdominal wall?


  Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, intercostal, and superficial epigastric arteries.
• What veins drain the antero-lateral abdominal wall?


  Superior epigastric vein, inferior epigastric vein, deep circumflex iliac vein, thoracoepigastric vein, superficial epigastric vein.
• How is the lymphatic drainage of the antero-lateral abdominal wall divided?


  Above the transumbilical plane: axillary lymph nodes. Below the transumbilical plane: superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
• What muscles are part of the antero-lateral abdominal wall?


  External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis muscles.
• What is the rectus sheath and its significance?


  A fibrous sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis, divided into anterior and posterior layers, which terminates at the arcuate line.
• Where is the inguinal canal located?


  Between the deep inguinal ring (midpoint of the inguinal ligament) and the superficial inguinal ring (above the pubic tubercle).
• What structures pass through the deep inguinal ring?


  Vas deferens, testicular arteries and veins, and the round ligament of the uterus.
• What forms the boundaries of the inguinal canal?


  Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis.Posterior wall: conjoint tendon (medially), transversalis fascia (laterally).Roof: fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis.Floor: inguinal ligament.