Separating Mixtures

• Filtration


  Separation technique used to separate a solid that's not dissolved in a liquid. special paper used inside a funnel. Filtered solid remains in filter paper and the filtered liquid passes through the filter into the flask. Used to separate sand from water.

  
• Distillation

  Process used to separate pure liquid from mixture of liquids. Works when liquids have different boiling points. The mixture is heated in a flask so liquid with lowest boiling point evaporates first. The vapour cools and condenses to form pure liquid. Used to separate ethanol from water.

  
• chromatography


  Used to separate mixture of coloured compounds. Include inks, dyes and colouring agents.

  1. A spot of mixture is placed near bottom of paper and paper is placed in a suitable solvent e.g. water.
  2. As solvent soaks up the paper, carries the mixtures with it.
  3. Different components of the mixture move at different rates separating mixture.

  
• Mixture= 2 or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together.
• Soluble= That can be dissolved in water
• Solute= the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
• solvent= the substance that does the dissolving.
• Crystallisation



  Separation technique used to separate a solid thats dissolved in a liquid and made a solution.

  1. The solution is warmed allowing solvent to evaporate, leaving a saturated solution.
  2. As saturated solution cools, the solid will come out of the solution and crystals start to grow.
  3. Crystals collected and allowed to dry.