Equity Theory

• What type of model is the Equity Theory?

  Fairness model

  It's achieved when people feel they get approx. what they deserve
• Equality

  People are more satisfied in a relationship if they feel the balance of rewards and costs between partners is similar.
• Balance

  Both partners profits minus loss = same even if the profits/losses are different. If a person puts a lot more in and receives a lot it will feel equal
• What is over benefits?

  When one partner gets more overall profit, they will feel pity and guilt towards other partner
• What is under benefits?

  When one partner gets more overall costs, they will feel angry and resentful towards other partner.

  This is unfair which leads to lack of equity
• Change in perspective

  Perception of what is considered fair/ equity may change overtime

  E.g. when people put in more than what they receive at beginning and this continues for too long it results in dissatisfaction

  Unfair in beginning ---> become norm ---> balance profits/costs
• What did Utne et al find?


  Self report scales on newly weds. Questionnaire recorded perceived level of equity and satisfaction.

  • Partners who rated relationship to be more equitable were more satisfied in them

  Supports equity theory ---> feelings of equity is important
• Strength of Equity Theory

  Supporting evidence from animal studies

  Brosnan & De Waal - monkeys

  • If monkeys were denied reward (grapes) for playing a game, they became angry

  Supports ---> dissatisfaction as its seen as unfair when rewards/profits are not proportional to efforts (potential costs)
• Limitation of Equity Theory

  Cultural differences not accounted for

  Studies show that concept of equity is more important in western cultures. In collectivist cultures people are most satisfied when they are over benefitting from it

  Highlights cultural bias - theory doesn't explain development of romantic relationships in all cultures
• Limitation of Equity Theory

  Ignores gender differences

  Researchers such as Sprecher found women tend to be more disturbed when they are under benefitting and feel more guilt when over benefitting.

  Indicates gender differences between male and female. Highlights need to conduct research separately to avoid gender bias.