2.2
Cards (21)
- cognition: a process that involves knowing, understanding, remembering, and communicating a concept
- schemas: cognitive rules used to interpret the world
- prototypes: ideal example for any given concept
- assimilation: attempting to fit experiences into a schema
- accommodation: changing schema to fit new experiences
- algorithms: methodical, logical rule or procedure that guaranteed solving a particular problem
- exhausts all possibilities before reaching solution, using a formula
- heuristic: simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
- shortcut, less time-consuming than algorithms, more error-prone than algorithms
- intuition: an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought with explicit conscious reasoning to make a decision
- representative heuristic: judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes
- availability heuristic: likelihood of an event based on their availability in memory
- fixation: an inability to see a problem from a fresh prespective
- mental set: a tendency to approach a problem with the same mindset that has worked before
- functional fixedness: a tendency to think only of the familiar functions of an object
- gambler's fallacy: mistaken belief that past events can influence future events
- sunk-cost fallacy: reluctance to abandon a strategy because it has been invested in heavily
- overconfidence bias: tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs/judgements
- confirmation bias: tendency to seek evidence that confirms belief
- important evidence may be missed
- priming effect: introducing a stimulus influences how people respond to subsequent stimuli
- slowing down after seeing a caution sign
- belief bias: tendency of one's pre-existing beliefs to distort logical reasoning by making invalid conclusions
- divergent thinking: brainstorming searches for multiple possible answers
- framing: the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments